摘要
《刑法修正案(十一)》增设了负有照护职责人员性侵罪,其保护法益为受照护的已满14周岁未满16周岁未成年女性的性自主权,所谓"性同意年龄部分提高"的观点并不妥当。认定对负有照护职责人员是否侵犯了对方的性自主权,需要进行实质判断。本罪属于身份犯,只要行为人具有照护职责身份,与受照护的未成年女性之间形成优越地位和被依附信赖的人身关系,并与其发生性关系,法律拟制为其侵犯了对方的性自主权。同时,刑法要求行为人主观上须明知或推定明知对方是14至16周岁的未成年女性;对于本罪加重构成的"情节恶劣",可比较强奸罪的定罪标准加以认定。另外,基于被照护者所从事职业与性侵犯罪行为的紧密关联性,提倡适用职业禁止的刑事预防措施。
The criminal law amendment(11) adds the crime of sexual assault by the person who has the duty of care, which protects the sexual autonomy of the female minors who have reached the age of 14 but have not reached the age of 16. It is necessary to make substantive judgment to determine whether the caregivers have violated the other party’s sexual autonomy. This crime belongs to the status crime. As long as the actor has the status of care responsibility, he forms a superior position and dependent personal relationship with the minor female under care, and has sexual relationship with them. The legal fiction is that he infringes the other party’s sexual autonomy. At the same time, the criminal law requires the perpetrator to know or presume that he knows that the other party is a minor female aged between 14 and 16;As for the "bad circumstances" of the aggravated constitution of this crime, we can compare the conviction standard of rape. In addition, based on the close relationship between the occupation of the caregiver and the sexual assault crime, the criminal preventive measures of occupational prohibition should be advocated.
出处
《青少年犯罪问题》
2021年第4期3-15,共13页
Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency
基金
2019年度国家社科基金一般课题“大数据背景下公民个人信息刑法保护体系研究”(项目编号:19BFX074)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
负有照护职责人员
性侵罪
未成年女性
性自主权
明知
职业禁止
crimes of sexual assault committed by persons responsible for care
underage female
sexual autonomy
knowing
occupational prohibition
