摘要
根据专业学位管理相关政策文件要求和社会需求变化等方面的特征,我国专业学位设置与发展可划分为三个阶段:一是初探阶段(1989—1998年),专业学位设置数量较少,是典型的以市场发展为基础的国家主导;二是发展阶段(1999—2008年),社会需求在社会治理与经济发展中的重要性得到凸显,是以社会发展为核心的国家主导;三是完善阶段(2009年至今),以国家战略为引领,同时也满足社会需求,共同推动和完善专业学位设置的制度设计。专业学位设置制度的发展与完善,体现了设置主体多元化、设置类别多样化、设置目标战略化以及设置动因社会化等重要制度特征。通过分析我国专业学位设置的类别演进、制度特征及现实问题,我国专业学位设置制度未来可能的发展趋势与优化思路为:基于国家战略,完善博士专业学位设置标准;根据发展需要,合理增设文科领域博士专业学位;明晰类别界限,增强硕士专业学位类别设置的合理性;落实各方权力,增强专业学位设置主体的参与积极性。
According to the requirements of relevant policy documents and the changes of social needs,the setting and development of professional degrees in China can be divided into three stages.The first is the preliminary stage(1989—1998),in which the number of professional degrees is relatively small,typically based on market development and led by the state.The second is the development stage(1999—2008),in which the importance of social needs in social governance and economic development has been highlighted,with social development as the core led by the state.The third is the improvement stage(since 2009),which is guided by the national strategy and to meet social needs,jointly promoting and improving the professional degrees setting system.The development and improvement of the professional degrees setting system embodies such important system characteristics as the diversification of setting subjects,the diversification of setting categories,the strategic setting of goals,and the socialization of setting motivations,etc.By analyzing setting categories evolution of professional degrees,system characteristics and practical problems,the possible development trends and optimization ideas of China's professional degrees setting system in the future are as follows:based on national strategies,improve the standards for setting doctoral professional degrees;according to the needs of development,reasonably add doctoral degrees in the field of liberal arts;clarify the category boundaries and enhance the rationality of the establishment of professional degree categories for master's degree;implement the power of all parties and increase the enthusiasm of the main bodies to participate in the establishment of professional degrees.
作者
匡永杨
周继良
吴肖
KUANG Yong-yang;ZHOU Ji-liang;WU Xiao(School of Educational Science,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,China)
出处
《河北科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第3期54-63,共10页
Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology:Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(17BGL173)
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目(2018SJZDI168)
江苏师范大学博士学位教师科研基金支持项目(19XFRS005)。
关键词
专业学位设置
制度特征
社会需求
国家主导
professional degree setting
system characteristics
social needs
state-led
