摘要
全球化和信息化时代赋予中美两国不同于以往的实力比较方式和大国竞争特征,软实力在国家实力的构成和大国竞争中占有越来越重要的地位。本文在梳理相关研究的基础上,以2017~2020年为时间段,以要素分析为核心方法,将文化、观念、发展模式、国际制度和国家形象作为国家软实力的核心资源要素,构建中美软实力的评估和比较逻辑。本文认为,受特朗普政府内外政策的影响,美国政府的信任度在国内外被严重削弱,美国软实力大幅下降,但美国在非政府领域的巨大优势仍在维持着其软实力。作为后发国家,中国的软实力主要依靠党和政府的推动并实现稳步提升,中国正凭借自己的优势和战略逐渐拉近与美国的差距。拜登政府上台以来的举措表明,中美战略竞争的大方向并未改变,继续加强软实力建设仍是中国全面崛起的战略路径。中国需要深入挖掘并平衡推进软实力资源的发展,发挥多种主体的作用,探索多种途径,以将丰厚的资源真正转化为软实力。与此同时,中国还需要增强国际传播的主动性和话语权,巩固软实力成果,以进一步提高国际影响力和吸引力。
In the context of globalization and the information age,there appears a different way to compare the national power between China and the U.S.,and the ChinaUS competition is showing different characteristics.Soft power is playing an increasingly important role in the composition of national power and major power competition.Based on a review of related research,this article seeks to provide some logic to evaluate and compare the soft power between China and the U.S.(2017-2020)by taking factor analysis as the core methodology,and regarding culture,concept,development model,international institution and national image as the core resource factors of soft power.This article believes that,affected by the Trump administration’s domestic and foreign policies,the credibility of the U.S.government has been significantly weakened at home and abroad,leading to a sharp decline in U.S.soft power.Nonetheless,the U.S.still enjoys great advantages in the non-governmental sector,which can help sustain its soft power.As a second-mover,China is able to steadily improve its soft power with the support of its party and government,and is gradually narrowing the gap with the U.S.by virtue of its own advantages and strategies.The Biden administration’s measures show that the general direction of China-US strategic competition has not changed.Continuing to strengthen the construction of soft power is still the strategic path of China’s all-round rise.China must dig deeper and promote the balanced development of soft power resources,allow multiple participants to play their role,explore multiple ways to truly transform abundant resources into soft power.China also needs to enhance the initiative and discourse power of international communication and consolidate the achievements of soft power in order to further improve its international influence and attractiveness。
作者
门洪华
于永群
Men Honghua;Yu Yongqun(School of Political Science and International Relations,Tongji University;the Institute for China and World Studies,Tongji University)
出处
《国际关系研究》
CSSCI
2021年第4期3-31,155,156,共31页
Journal of International Relations
基金
教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“国家安全战略研究”(项目编号:18JZD058)的阶段性成果。
关键词
软实力
美国优先
人类命运共同体
国际比较
中美关系
soft power
America First
Community of Shared Future
comparative analysis
China-U.S.relations
