摘要
在各种地区安全制度的发展进程中,扩员是推动制度转型和功能拓展的一种常见举措。目前,学术界围绕国际制度扩员问题的研究侧重于单个制度的具体分析,较少构建统一的解释框架。文章提出,制度发展需要和主导国战略规划会推动地区安全制度进行发展型、嵌入型、制衡型和对抗型这四种类型的扩员。具体的地区安全制度的扩员节奏和类型则由其制度化水平和内部权力结构决定,前者将地区安全制度区分为低水平的安全对话机制和高水平的安全组织,后者则包括霸权结构和均势结构。霸权结构的安全对话机制在扩员节奏上最快,均势结构的安全组织扩员节奏最慢。在类型上,所有地区安全制度都会进行发展型扩员,嵌入型扩员更多出现在霸权结构的安全对话机制中,制衡型扩员更加契合均势结构的安全组织,而对抗型扩员一般由霸权结构的安全组织推动。文章以东盟地区论坛和上海合作组织的扩员进程为例,来论证提出的地区安全制度的扩员机制。
Throughout the process of development of various forms of regional security institutions,membership expansion is a common approach to advancing institutional reform and reach.At present,most academic studies of membership expansion focus on individual institutional arrangements,while rarely are attempts made to build a comprehensive explanatory framework.This article argues that institutional needs and the strategic plans of dominant states serve to promote four different types of membership expansion of regional security institutions:developmental,embedded,counterbalanced,and confrontational.The pace and type of expansion of specific security frameworks is determined by the level of institutionalization of a security framework and by internal power structures.In terms of the former,a less developed framework is a security dialogue mechanism,while highly developed security institution is a security organization.When it comes to the later,examples include hegemony or a balance of power structures.Security dialogue mechanisms can expand their membership most rapidly under contexts of structural hegemony;meanwhile,security organizations expand at the slowest pace under contexts of a structural balance of power.When it comes to the type of expansion,all regional security structures will undergo developmental expansion,while embedded expansion tends to occur within security dialogue mechanisms under hegemony.Expansions premised on maintaining a balance of power are most likely within security organizations under balanced systems.Finally,confrontational expansion tends to occur in security organizations under contexts of hegemonic structures.The article considers the cases of the ASEAN Regional Forum and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to illustrate how the proposed expansion mechanisms function within regional security institutions.
作者
魏冰
Wei Bing(Department of International Relations at Tsinghua University)
出处
《当代亚太》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期67-96,156-158,共33页
Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“亚太中等强国的地区秩序观及其对中国角色的认知研究”(项目编号:20CGJ032)的阶段性成果。
关键词
地区安全制度
扩员
东盟地区论坛
上海合作组织
Regional Security Institutions
Expansion
ASEAN Regional Forum
Shanghai Cooperation Agency(SCA)
