摘要
社会救助作为一种选择性的福利制度,在明确保护受救助者权利的同时,有必要以法律的形式明确其相应的义务。课予受救助者义务由社会救助个人责任优先原则及单向给付性质所决定,并可以防止福利依赖,平衡受救助者权利与义务的关系,促进受救助者权利的实现,因而具有正当性。为更好地保障受救助者的基本生存需求,帮助其脱离贫困,在明确受救助者义务性质为“协力义务”的基础上,我国可以在正在提议制定的《社会救助法》总则中规定一般性的权利义务条款,并在“法律责任”一章细化受救助者的义务条款,建构起以程序性义务和实体性义务为基础的二元体系。受救助者义务条款的设置往往会导致“福利污名”,使受救助者被贴上“浪费者”“懒惰者”“依赖者”甚至更糟糕的标签。社会救助法中对受救助者义务条款的设置应当有所限制,不得逾越法律保留原则、期待可能性原则以及比例原则的范畴。
As a selective welfare system,social assistance must clearly protect the rights of the recipients,and at the same time,it is necessary to clarify their corresponding obligations in the form of law.The obligations of the recipients are determined by the priority principle of social assistance individual responsibility and the nature of one-way payment,and can prevent welfare dependence,balance the relationship between the rights and obligations of the recipients,and promote the realization of the rights of the recipients,so it has legitimacy.In order to better guarantee the basic survival needs of the recipients and help them escape poverty,on the basis of clarifying the nature of the recipients’obligations as a“cooperative obligation”,China can stipulate general articles of rights and obligations in the general provisions of the“Social Assistance Law”that is currently being proposed.In the chapter“Legal Liability”,the obligation clauses of the recipients can be detailed,and a binary system based on procedural and substantive obligations can be constructed.However,the establishment of the obligations of the recipients often leads to“welfare stigma”,causing the recipients to be labelled as“wastemaker”“lazy person”“dependant”or even worse.Therefore,the establishment of the obligation clauses of the recipients in the social assistance law should be limited,and should not go beyond the scope of the principle of legal reservation,principle of expectation possibility,and principle of proportionality.
作者
王健
Wang Jian(Law School,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410012)
出处
《河南财经政法大学学报》
CSSCI
2021年第5期31-41,共11页
Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law
基金
2020年国家社会科学基金青年项目“社会救助法中国家与个人责任配置研究”(项目编号:20CFX074)的阶段性成果。
关键词
受救助者
协力义务
正当性
二元体系
福利污名
限度
recipient
cooperative obligation
legitimacy
binary system
welfare stigma
limit
