摘要
为探明缓释肥施用时期对鲜食糯玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响,本研究以苏玉糯11号为材料,在等量施肥条件下,以常规施肥方式(N15CK,基施复合肥+六叶期追施尿素)和不施肥为对照,研究缓释肥于播种期(SN15-0)、三叶期(SN15-3)和六叶期(SN15-6)一次性施用对鲜食糯玉米鲜果穗和鲜籽粒产量,籽粒淀粉和蛋白质含量、碘结合力、热力学特性和糊化特性的影响。结果表明,缓释肥处理的鲜果穗产量和鲜籽粒产量显著高于常规肥处理,且SN15-6和SN15-3的鲜果穗产量分别比SN15-0提高14.0%和7.4%,鲜籽粒产量提高14.6%和2.0%。SN15-6的籽粒中淀粉、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量均显著高于其他处理。缓释肥延后施用使淀粉粒径变小,SN15-6与N15CK的淀粉碘结合力和最大吸收波长显著高于其他处理。与不施肥相比,施肥提高了籽粒淀粉的糊化温度和胶凝温度(起始温度、峰值温度和终值温度),降低了回生热焓值和回生值。其中SN15-3的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、崩解值和终值黏度最高,而SN15-6的回复值、回生热焓值和回生值最低。综上,缓释肥适当延后施用有利于提高鲜食糯玉米产量,增加籽粒中蛋白质、淀粉、可溶性糖含量,降低淀粉平均粒径;另外,三叶期施用可显著提高籽粒糊化黏度,六叶期施用使籽粒回生值显著降低。本研究结果可为春播鲜食糯玉米绿色高产优质轻简栽培提供理论依据与技术支撑。
In order to investigate the effects of slow-release fertilizer application stage on the yield and grain quality of fresh waxy maize, the yields of ears and grains, and contents of protein and starch in grains, iodine binding capacity, thermal and pasting properties of Suyunuo 11 under one-time application of slow-release fertilizer at sowing stage(SN15-0), three-leaf stage(SN15-3) and six-leaf stage(SN15-6) were studied, taking conventional fertilization mode(N15 CK, basal compound fertilizer + topdressing urea in six-leaf stage) at the same fertilization level and zero fertilization as controls. Results indicated that fertilization increased the yield, the yields of fresh ears and fresh grains of the slow-release fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of N15 CK. In comparison to SN15-0, the fresh ear yields were increased by 14.0% and 7.4%, and the fresh grain yields were increased by 14.6% and 2.0% for SN15-6 and SN15-3. The contents of starch, soluble sugar and protein in grains of SN15-6 were the highest among all the treatments. Postponing the application stage of slow-release fertilizer reduced the size of starch granules. The starch iodine binding capacity and maximum absorption wavelength of SN15-6 and N15 CK were significantly higher than that of other treatments. Fertilization increased pasting and gelatinization(onset, peak, and conclusion) temperatures and decreased retrogradation enthalpy and percentage. The peak, trough, breakdown, and final viscosities of SN15-3 were the highest, whereas the setback viscosity, retrogradation enthalpy and percentage of SN15-6 were the lowest among all the treatments. In spring-sown fresh waxy maize production, postpone the slow-release fertilizer fertilization stage could increase yields of ears and grains, improve the contents of protein, starch and soluble sugar in grains, and reduce the size of starch granules. One-time application of slow-release fertilizer at three-leaf stage could improve grain pasting viscosities, while applying it at six-l
作者
王思阳
李广浩
陆卫平
陆大雷
WANG Siyang;LI Guanghao;LU Weiping;LU Dalei(Agricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第9期2136-2144,共9页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200703)
江苏省现代农业产业技术体系(JATS[2020]444)
江苏省自主创新项目(CX[19]3056)
江苏省高校优势学科建设工程。
关键词
鲜食糯玉米
缓释肥
施肥时期
产量
品质
fresh waxy maize
slow-release fertilizer
fertilization stage
yield
quality
