摘要
【目的】开发一种具有多种养分、氮缓释性能优异、工艺简单、半互穿网络结构的缓释肥。【方法】利用溶液聚合配合原位挤出技术,将聚合过程和加工过程合二为一。以氨基酸原粉(AARP)和硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)为原料,将AARP和AARPFe与脲醛(UF)大分子链进行复合,形成具有半互穿网络结构的缓释肥(AARP-UF和AARPFe-UF)。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射和热重对缓释肥结构进行表征分析,扫描电镜(SEM)观察其表面形貌,测定其压缩强度及在静水及土壤中的氮养分释放率,研究添加AARP和AARPFe对其缓释性能的影响,并分析性能提高原因。【结果】UF、AARP-UF和AARPFe-UF 3种缓释肥的结晶度分别为67.9%、59.2%和57.4%,压缩强度分别为1.64、3.01、4.06MPa,在静水中的初期氮释放率分别为24.8%、18.6%和15.1%,处理90 d后土壤中氮累计释放率分别为55.9%、51.4%和46.3%。AARP和AARPFe的加入破坏了UF分子链晶体结构,形成氢键相互作用,使缓释肥结晶度降低,压缩强度提高,氮缓释性能得到明显改善。综合各项结果可知,缓释肥AARPFe-UF效果更佳。【结论】制备的新型缓释肥解决了UF初期氮释放率高的问题,避免了资源浪费,原料绿色、环保,综合性能优异,有利于工业化生产。AARP中含有天然营养物质,具有生态效应,可促进可持续农业体系发展。
【Objective】The study was conducted to develop a slow-release fertilizer with multiple nutrients,excellent nitrogen slow-release performance,simple process,and semi-interpenetrating network structure.【Method】By using solution polymerization with in situ extrusion technology,the polymerization and processing processes were combined.With amino acid powder(AARP)and ferrous sulfate(FeSO4)as raw materials,AARP and AARPFe were compounded with urea-formaldehyde(UF)macromolecular chains to form slow-release fertilizers with semi-interpenetrating network structures(AARP-UF and AARPFe-UF).The structures of the slow-release fertilizers were characterized and analyzed by infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry,and the surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The compression strength and nitrogen nutrient release rate in still water and soil were measured to investigate the effects of adding AARP and AARPFe on the slow-release performance and to analyze the reasons for their performance improvement.【Result】The crystallinity of the three slow-release fertilizers UF,AARP-UF,and AARPFe-UF were 67.9%,59.2%,and 57.4%,respectively,and the compression strengths were 1.64,3.01 and 4.06 MPa.The initial nitrogen release rates in still water were 24.8%,18.6%,and 15.1%respectively,and the cumulative release rates in soil after 90-day-treatment were 55.9%,51.4%,and 46.3%,respectively.The addition of AARP and AARPFe disrupted the crystal structure of UF molecular chains and formed hydrogen bonding interactions,which reduced the crystallinity of the slow-release fertilizer,increased the compression strength,and significantly improved the nitrogen slow-release performance.Combining all the results,the effect of slow-release fertilizer AARPFe-UF was optimal.【Conclusion】The prepared new slow-release fertilizer solves the problem of the high initial nitrogen release rate of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer and avoids the waste of resources.The fertilizer prepared with green and environ
作者
段晓华
刘亚青
DUAN Xiaohua;LIU Yaqing(College of Materials Science and Engineering,North University of China/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nano-Functional Composites,Taiyuan 030051,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2023年第4期93-99,共7页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
中央引导地方科技发展资金(YDZJSX2021B007)
山西省专利转化专项计划项目(202202048)
山西省科技厅面上青年基金(201901D211273)。
关键词
缓释性能
脲醛
氢键作用
微量元素
结晶度
半互穿网络结构
slow-release performance
urea-formaldehyde
hydrogen bonding
trace element
crystallinity
semi-interpenetrating network structure
