摘要
熔融沉积增材制造属于热塑性聚合物材料3D打印成型技术之一,具有原料广泛、制造成本低、个性化可定制等特点。随着制备工艺和技术的优化,近年来成型质量不断提高。同时,这种基于分层打印、逐层堆积的材料成型方式导致其力学强度偏低。发展适用于熔融沉积技术的纤维增强热塑性聚合物复合材料,利用纤维具有高比强度、高比模量的特性,可显著提高熔融沉积热塑性聚合物成型件的抗拉强度和拉伸模量等力学性能。然而,在熔融沉积纤维增强复合材料成型过程中,伴随着材料的流动与纤维取向、丝/层间结合、热量传导和残余应力等一系列复杂现象,明晰上述现象及其内在的关联性,是促进该技术应用和发展的关键。因此,近年来国内外研究者们主要从选择合适的纤维和优化制备工艺等方面不断尝试,并取得了丰硕的成果。用于熔融沉积纤维增强复合材料的纤维主要以短纤维和连续纤维两大类材料为主。短纤维复合材料发展较早、制备工艺相对简单;连续纤维复合材料成型件的力学性能相对较高。近年来,国内外研究者基于纤维增强复合材料的制备工艺、材料性能、成型机理等关键要素,聚焦于纤维含量、沉积角度、打印速度、喷嘴温度、层厚和化学助剂添加等工艺参数变化对成型件力学性能影响的相关研究,拟充分发挥纤维增强材料的技术优势,为制备较高力学性能和较好质量打印成型件提供可能。本文主要介绍了近年来国内外研究者在熔融沉积纤维增强复合材料方面的研究进展。从熔融沉积增材制造成型原理、纤维增强复合材料技术研究现状出发,介绍了短纤维和连续纤维增强复合材料的力学性能,以及工艺参数对增强复合材料力学性能的影响。最后,归纳了该技术仍存在的亟待解决的基础科学问题和关键技术问题,以及未来可能的研究方
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a three-dimensional (3D) printing process that uses thermoplastic polymer feedstock. This technology can be used with a wide range of raw materials and provides the potential for customized or personalized manufacturing at low cost. Although the quality of FDM parts has been improved in recent years by continuous optimization of the preparation and printing processes, the products tend to have low mechanical strength owing to the layered nature of the components.The use of fiber-reinforced composites with a thermoplastic matrix can improve the tensile strength and tensile modulus of FDM parts, owing to their high specific strength and high specific modulus. The mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites produced by FDM are dependent on a series of complex phenomena such as material flow, fiber orientation, filament/layer bonding, heat conduction, and residual stress. Analysis of the inherent correlation of the above phenomena is key to promoting the application and development of composite FDM technology. Therefore, many researchers have aimed to identify appropriate fiber reinforcement materials and optimize the preparation process in recent years.Both short and continuous fibers are commonly used to form composite materials for the FDM technique. FDM with short fiber composites was developed first, as the preparation process is relatively simple. However, continuous fiber composites tend to have superior mechanical properties. Based on key factors such as the preparation process, material properties, and molding mechanism, researchers have focused on the in- fluence of process parameters such as fiber content, deposition angle, printing speed, nozzle temperature, layer thickness, and chemical additives on the mechanical properties of the molded fiber-reinforced composite parts. These studies provide the possibility of producing higher-quality 3D-printed and molded parts with superior mechanical properties by taking full advantage of fiber-reinforced mat
作者
王智
于宁
黎静
WANG Zhi;YU Ning;LI Jing(Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chongqing 400714,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第15期15197-15204,共8页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51673198)
中国科学院西部青年学者人才资助项目(Y62A400V10)
中国科学院青年创新促进会项目。
关键词
熔融沉积
纤维增强
复合材料
fused deposition modeling
fiber-reinforced
composite
