摘要
当前,"法益恢复现象"的概念运用比较混乱、尚未形成规范的话语体系,出罪化的法理依据众说纷纭,体系地位模糊不清。将"法益恢复现象"中的前行为限制在"轻微罪行"、将侵害法益限制在特定法益的观点并不完全妥当。"法益恢复现象"出罪化的法理依据在于报应刑和预防刑的缺失,而"违法性减轻说""违法性消除说"混淆了犯罪既遂成立的时间节点,引发了犯罪构成体系的逻辑混乱;"法益保护的可逆性路径""恢复性制裁的法理"混淆了刑事责任与民事责任的界限,均不宜作为"法益恢复现象"出罪化的法理依据。关于法益恢复行为的体系地位问题,"刑罚论组成部分说"相对更为合理,但该说应当对在构成犯罪的情况下不追究刑事责任是否违反《刑法》第3条前半段的规定作出合理解释。
Currently,the use of the concept of"phenomenon of legal interest recovery"is a little bit confusing,which has not yet constructed into a standardized regulation system,and it’s theoretical basis is divergent,as well as the status of the system is ambiguous.It is not appropriate to limit the previous behavior of"phenomenon of legal interest recovery"to"minor crimes",and the infringement of legal interests to"specific legal interests".The legal basis of the decriminalization of the"phenomenon of legal interest recovery"lies in the lack of the justification of punishment."Illegality mitigation theory"and"illegality elimination theory"confuse the time node when the crime was completed,which causes the logical confusion of the crime constitution system;"the reversible path of legal interest protection"and"the legal principal of restorative sanctions"confuse the difference between criminal liability and civil liability.Therefore,none of the above mentioned theories should be regarded as the legal basis for the decriminalization of the"phenomenon of legal interest recovery".With regard to the systematic status of the act of restoration of legal interests,"component theory of penalty theory"is relatively more reasonable,but it should give a reasonable explanation on whether the failure to hold criminal responsibility in the case of constituting a crime violates the provisions of the first half of Article 3 of the Criminal Code.
作者
刘科
Liu Ke(College For Criminal Law Science of Beijing Normal University)
出处
《法学家》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期158-171,196,共15页
The Jurist
基金
司法部2019年度法治建设与法学理论研究项目“司法解释中的‘不按照犯罪处理研究’”(19SFB2026)的阶段性成果。
关键词
法益恢复现象
赎罪
个人刑罚解除事由
犯罪合作模式
条件性处罚机制
Phenomenon of Legal Interest Recovery
Atonement
Cause of Release of Personal Penalty
Mode of Criminal Cooperation
Mechanism of Conditional Punishments
