摘要
资质过剩感,是指个体感知的自己拥有超过工作所要求的教育水平、经验、知识、技能以及能力。员工感到资质过剩是组织中普遍存在的现象,并逐渐成为组织行为研究中的热点话题。资质过剩感对员工的认知感受、情绪体验,工作态度、行为和绩效,以及身心健康等均存在一定的负面影响,影响强度及性质取决于员工个人特征及所处情境特征。除负面影响外,资质过剩感对员工主动行为、角色内绩效、创新绩效等还存在一定积极影响,以及正U型、倒U型的非线性效应。人力资本理论、人−岗匹配理论、相对剥夺理论、公平理论、心理契约理论和资源保存理论等是解释资质过剩感消极影响的主要理论,自我分类理论、自我验证理论和自我调节理论是解释其积极影响的主要理论。未来可以从开发本土量表、扩展跨层次研究、丰富和整合研究视角、探究动态效应等方面推动资质过剩感的研究。
Perceived overqualification refers to one’s perception of possessing more education,experience,knowledge,skills,and abilities than the required job qualifications.Overqualification is a common phenomenon in organizations and has gradually become a hot topic in the research of organizational behavior.Perceived overqualification leads to employees’negative reactions,which are manifested in cognitive perceptions,affective experiences,job attitude,behavior,performance,and physical and mental health.The nature and magnitude of such influences depend on the characteristics of employees and the situations.However,there is also a positive,U shaped or inverted U shaped relationship between perceived overqualification and some positive outcomes,such as employees’proactive behavior,in-role performance,creative performance.Human capital theory,person-job fit theory,relative deprivation theory,equity theory,psychological contract theory,and conservation of resource theory are the main theories to explain the negative influences of perceived overqualification,whereas self-categorization theory,self-verification theory,and self-regulation theory are the ones to explain its positive influences.Future research is encouraged to develop indigenous scale for perceived overqualification,examine its multilevel effect,enrich and integrate current theoretical perspectives,and explore its dynamic effect.
作者
李朋波
陈黎梅
褚福磊
孙雨晴
周莹
LI Pengbo;CHEN Limei;CHU Fulei;SUN Yuqing;ZHOU Ying(School of Tourism Sciences,Beijing International Studies University,Beijing 100024,China;School of Business,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;College of Business Administration,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China;Antai College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期1313-1330,共18页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71702005,72072121,71702115)
北京市教委社科计划项目(SM201810031001)
北京市委组织部优秀骨干人才项目(2017000020124G138)
北京第二外国语学院“青年学术拔尖人才(团队)计划”
北京第二外国语学院研究生科研项目(11122018003)资助。
关键词
资质过剩
资质过剩感
主观感知
overqualification
perceived overqualification
subjective perception
