摘要
动作发展障碍(Developmental motor disorders)是孤独症谱系障碍的常见特征。通过系统回顾孤独症儿童动作发展障碍的神经科学研究,发现γ-氨基丁酸和5-羟色胺浓度的改变及γ-氨基丁酸相关蛋白和Shank蛋白的表达异常不仅会损害中枢神经系统的发育,而且还能导致突触兴奋性与抑制性失衡,进而改变孤独症儿童小脑和大脑皮层运动区的功能连接。孤独症儿童小脑、基底神经节和胼胝体结构的改变对全脑的连通性产生了负面影响。神经生化机制和脑结构的异常共同导致了脑功能的异常,最终造成孤独症儿童的动作发展障碍。此外,动作发展障碍与孤独症核心症状共同的神经基础主要包括镜像神经元系统紊乱,丘脑、基底神经节和小脑异常以及SLC7A5和PTEN基因突变。未来研究需要关注与运动密切相关的其他神经递质,如乙酰胆碱和多巴胺;探索动作发展障碍神经网络的动态机制及其形成;剖析该障碍的神经机制和自闭症核心症状神经机制的相互作用。
Developmental motor disorders are the common feature of autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Through a systematic review of the neuroscience literature,it is found that the alteration in the concentration of GABA and of serotonin and the abnormal expression of GABA-related protein and of shank protein led to not only the defects of the development of the central nervous system but also the synaptic excitation/inhibition imbalance,thus in turn resulting in the changes of the functional connectivity between cerebellum and motor cortex in children with ASD.The abnormalities in the structure of the cerebellum,basal ganglia,and corpus callosum had a negative impact on the whole-brain connectivity in children with ASD.The disorders in neurobiochemical mechanisms and the abnormalities of brain structure together triggered abnormal brain function of children with ASD,which ultimately resulted in developmental motor disorders.In addition,the common neural basis shared by the developmental motor disorders and the core symptoms of ASD mainly included the mirror neuron dysfunction,the abnormalities of the thalamus,the basal ganglia,the cerebellum and mutations of SLC7A5 and PTEN.Future researches need to focus on other neurotransmitters closely related to motor,such as acetylcholine and dopamine,to explore the dynamic mechanism and formation of the neural network of developmental motor disorders,and to analyze the interaction between the underlying neural mechanisms of motor developmental disorders and that of core symptoms of autism.
作者
王琳
王志丹
王泓婧
WANG Lin;WANG Zhidan;WANG Hongjing(School of Education Science,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,China)
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期1239-1250,共12页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
江苏省高等学校自然科学研究项目资助(19KJB190002)
2020年度江苏师范大学研究生科研创新项目(2020 XKT227)。
关键词
孤独症谱系障碍
儿童
动作发展障碍
神经机制
autism spectrum disorders
children
developmental motor disorders
neural mechanism
