摘要
目的:比较不同高强度间歇训练(HIIT)干预后VO_(2)max个体变化和训练有效性,分析VO_(2)max训练效果的个体差异和复现性,构建HIIT改善心肺功能效果的预测模型,为制订个性化精准健身指导方案提供依据。方法:330名体力活动不足的健康成年人完成第1轮12周HIIT干预(第1轮HIIT),经过洗脱期后,33人完成第2轮12周改变方案的HIIT干预(第2轮HIIT)。每轮干预前后测试身体成分、超声肌肉厚度、VO_(2)max、VO2⁃RE、长跑成绩(男1000 m、女800 m)等。对完成运动干预且VO_(2)max符合判定标准的受试者数据进行统计分析(第1轮:295人,第2轮:30人)。VO_(2)max个体效应量Cohen’s d<0.2为无效者,Cohen’s d≥0.2为有效者。通过多重线性逐步回归构建心肺功能训练效果预测模型。结果:1)第1轮HIIT后,VO_(2)max平均提高4.39 mL/(min·kg)(-7.76~19.75 mL/(min·kg)),无效者占22%。2)第2轮HIIT后,VO_(2)max平均提高3.21 mL/(min·kg)(-5.14~11.56 mL/(min·kg)),无效者占30%。3)2轮VO_(2)max变化率相似(第1轮Δ%:-20%~63%,第2轮Δ%:-19%~49%),2轮VO_(2)max无效率无显著差异(22%vs.30%)。第2轮复现了第1轮VO_(2)max提高的个体差异特征。4)HIIT提高心肺功能效果的预测模型:ΔVO_(2)max=19.978+2.534×prePMT-0.406×preVO_(2)max-0.223×preFAT-3.716×性别-3.394×训练方案(prePMT:胸大肌厚度初始值,preVO_(2)max:最大摄氧量初始值,preFAT:体脂重量初始值),该模型可以在21.2%的程度上解释12周HIIT的VO_(2)max提高效果。结论:不同方案HIIT的效果具有个体差异性,基于体脂重量初始值、VO_(2)max初始值、胸大肌厚度初始值、运动干预方案和性别为自变量构建的HIIT改善心肺功能效果预测模型的解释度为21.2%。
This research aims to:compare the individual VO_(2)max response to two rounds of High⁃Intensity Interval Training(HIIT)interventions and the effectiveness of each HIIT;analyze the inter⁃individual variability and re⁃producibility of VO_(2)max response to HIIT and to construct a model for predicting cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)response to HIIT.Methods:330 healthy physically inactive adults complete a 12⁃week HIIT intervention in the first training period(P1⁃HIIT).After a washout period of 8 months,33 participants complete a second HIIT inter⁃vention(P2⁃HIIT).Data regarding body composition,ultrasound muscle thickness,VO_(2)max,VO2⁃RE and running performance(Male 1000m,Female 800m)are collected before and after each period of training.The data of 295 participants in P1⁃HIIT and 30 in P2⁃HIIT,whose VO_(2)max meets the standardized criteria,are statistically ana⁃lyzed.Non⁃Responders are those with effect size Cohens d<0.2 in VO_(2)max,while responders are those with effect size Cohens d≥0.2 in VO_(2)max.Through multiple linear stepwise regression,a model is constructed to predict CRF response to HIIT.Results:(1)After 12 weeks of P1⁃HIIT,VO_(2)max increases by an average of 4.39 ml·min-1·kg^(⁃1)(ranging from⁃7.76 to 19.75 ml·min^(⁃1)·kg^(⁃1)),and 22%of the participants are non⁃responders.(2)After 12 weeks of P2⁃HIIT,VO_(2)max increases by an average of 3.21 ml·min^(⁃1)·kg^(⁃1)(ranging from⁃5.14 to 11.56 ml·min^(⁃1)·kg^(⁃1)),and 30%of the participants are non⁃responders.(3)ΔVO_(2)max%is similar for the two training periods(P1⁃HI⁃ITΔ%:⁃20%~63%;P2⁃HIITΔ%:⁃19%~49%),and there is no significant difference in VO_(2)max non⁃respond⁃ers%for the two periods(22%vs 30%).The VO_(2)max response pattern to HIIT is reproducible.(4)A multiple lin⁃ear regression model is constructed as follows:ΔVO_(2)max=19.978+2.534×prePMT⁃0.406×preVO_(2)max⁃0.223×preFAT⁃3.716×Sex⁃3.394×Training Approaches(prePMT:baseline pectoralis major thickness;p
作者
杨晓琳
包大鹏
周多奇
乌云格日勒
聂晶
夏小慧
何子红
YANG Xiao-lin;BAO Da-peng;ZHOU Duo-qi;WU YUN Gerile;NIE Jing;XIA Xiao-hui;HE Zi-hong(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246133,Anhui China;Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,Inner Mongolia China;Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,Jiangxi China;Lanzhou City University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China)
出处
《北京体育大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期47-58,共12页
Journal of Beijing Sport University
基金
国家重点研发计划“运动健康促进效果个体差异的生物学机制与健身指导方案”(项目编号:2018YFC20006⁃02)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(项目编号:2021TD003)。
关键词
心肺功能
最大摄氧量
高强度间歇训练
个体差异
cardiopulmonary function
max oxygen uptake
high⁃intensity interval training
inter⁃individual vari⁃abilities
