摘要
Biomaterials have had an increasingly important role in recent decades,in biomedical device design and the development of tissue engineering solutions for cell delivery,drug delivery,device integration,tissue replacement,and more.There is an increasing trend in tissue engineering to use natural substrates,such as macromolecules native to plants and animals to improve the biocompatibility and biodegradability of delivered materials.At the same time,these materials have favourable mechanical properties and often considered to be biologically inert.More importantly,these macromolecules possess innate functions and properties due to their unique chemical composition and structure,which increase their bioactivity and therapeutic potential in a wide range of applications.While much focus has been on integrating these materials into these devices via a spectrum of cross-linking mechanisms,little attention is drawn to residual bioactivity that is often hampered during isolation,purification,and production processes.Herein,we discuss methods of initial material characterisation to determine innate bioactivity,means of material processing including cross-linking,decellularisation,and purification techniques and finally,a biological assessment of retained bioactivity of a final product.This review aims to address considerations for biomaterials design from natural polymers,through the optimisation and preservation of bioactive components that maximise the inherent bioactive potency of the substrate to promote tissue regeneration.
基金
This publication has emanated from research supported in part by a Grant from Science Foundation Ireland and is co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund under Grant number 13/RC/2073_P2
The authors would like to acknowledge the College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Scholarship,NUI Galway
This project has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program iPSpine under the grant agreement No.825925 and under the Marie Sktodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813263.
