摘要
种子萌发是一个由遗传和环境因子共同调控的复杂过程,其中植物激素调节可能是种子植物萌发过程中的一种高度保守的机制.生长素是植物中的一种最重要的信号分子,调控植物生长发育的各个方面,包括形态发生和对环境变化的响应等.生长素通过多条平行的途径被生物合成和失活,也通过典型和非典型途径被感受和转导.生长素在种子休眠和萌发中的作用主要受其生物合成与分解代谢以及信号转导途径的调控.本文主要综述了生长素的生物合成与代谢、生长素的信号转导以及它们对种子休眠与萌发的调控的研究进展.此外,我们也提出了在本领域需要进一步研究的科学问题,试图为解释生长素调控种子休眠与萌发的分子机理提供参考.
During germination,a quiescent seed is converted to a seedling with high metabolic activity by germination,which is a critical step in the life cycle of seed plants.Seed germination is a complex process co-regulated by genetic and environmental factors,of which phytohormone regulation may be a highly conserved mechanism in seed plants.Auxin is one of the most important signaling molecules in plants,and it controls all aspects of plant growth and development,including morphogenesis and responses to environmental changes.Auxin is biosynthesized,stored and inactivated by many parallel pathways,and it is also perceived and transduced by canonical and non-canonical pathways.The role of auxin is mainly regulated by its biosynthesis and catabolism,as well as by a signaling pathway during seed dormancy and germination.Here,we mainly summarize research progress on metabolism and signaling of auxin and its roles in regulating seed dormancy and germination.Tryptophan(Trp)is a common precursor of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)in plants,and IAA is biosynthesized from Trp by the indole-3-pyruvate(IPA),indole-3-acetaldoxime(IAOx),indole-3-acetaldoxime(IAM)and tryptamine(TAM)pathways,of which the IPA pathway is a main one.The IAOx pathway may be species-specific in Brassicaceae,and it plays an auxiliary role in IAA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.However,present evidence is insufficient to propose the IAM and TAM pathways as major routes to IAA biosynthesis in plants.The majority of cellular IAA is inactivated by conjugation to amino acids,peptides,proteins and sugars to produce the transient storage forms,or by irreversible catabolic degradation.Heretofore,oxidative attenuation of IAA through formation of 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid(oxIAA)and subsequent conjugation to glucose was considered the major pathway for IAA inactivation.IAA signaling pathways include canonical and non-canonical auxin signaling pathways.In the canonical auxin signaling pathway,auxin binds to the F-box proteins of the TRANSPORT INHIBITION RESISTANT1/AUXIN SIGNALING
作者
宋松泉
刘军
唐翠芳
张文虎
徐恒恒
张琪
高家东
Songquan Song;Jun Liu;Cuifang Tang;Wenhu Zhang;Hengheng Xu;Qi Zhang;Jiadong Gao(Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization/Agro-Biological Gene Research Center,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Shenzhen Qianhai Guoken Earth Fund Management Co.,Ltd,Guangzhou 510630,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第34期3924-3943,共20页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC01B05)
广东省农作物种质资源保存与利用重点实验室项目(2020B121201008)
国家自然科学基金(31871716)资助。
关键词
生长素
休眠
萌发
代谢
种子
信号转导
auxin
dormancy
germination
metabolism
seed
signaling
