摘要
【问题】中国野生动物保护政策是如何演化的?背后体现了何种政策变迁逻辑?在主流政策过程分析路径中,焦点事件及其冲击通常被视为政策变迁的重要动力。既有研究较多关注焦点事件对权力、资源和关系网络的影响,忽视了政策变迁过程中观念及政策企业家的建构行为起到的重要作用。【方法】本文以中国野生动物保护政策为案例,收集了国家和地方林业(草)部门、检疫部门、卫生部门的规章和官方公告,以及人大代表、政协委员、专家和行业代表的公开提案、著述、呼吁等材料。在此基础上,我们将社会建构与政策设计框架嵌入间断均衡理论进行本土化修正,构建了一个以行动者的社会建构为主体的政策变迁分析框架。【发现】(1)受焦点事件影响,中国野生动物保护政策呈现间断均衡的变迁特征,表现为以资源利用为目标的政策均衡和以生态保护、公共卫生安全为转向的政策间断;(2)焦点事件发生后,决策者在不同时期的观念转变,构成了政策变迁的内在动力。政策企业家依托焦点事件产生的权力分配、话语框架和舆论整合效应,通过对目标群体策略性的社会建构,影响决策者的观念认知及政策设计,推动政策变迁。【贡献】论文强调观念及社会建构等符号性因素在政策过程中的作用,并揭示了其影响政策变迁的作用机制,为深入理解焦点事件与政策变迁提供了新的视角和研究路径,同时为完善中国野生动物保护政策提供借鉴。
Motivation: How has China’s wildlife policy evolved? What is its logic of policy change? Focus events are often regarded as important drivers of change in policy analysis. The extant research on policy change tends to focus on the influence of power,resources, and relationship networks while ignoring the functions of the ideas,discourses,and constructive behaviors of policy entrepreneurs.Methodology: Taking China’s wildlife policy as a case, this study collected the announcements of national and local forestry departments,quarantine departments,and health departments, as well as the proposals, writings and appeals of policy entrepreneurs. An analytical framework was then constructed to examine policy changes through social construction,which is well-suited to analyzing China’s policy process.Findings: Influenced by focus events,wildlife policy shows discontinuous-equilibrium characteristics. The ideas of policy makers were the driving forces for change. Policy entrepreneurs relied on power distribution,discourse frameworks,and the integration effects of public opinion that were generated by the focus events that changed the policy makers’ cognition of concepts.Contribution: This paper emphasizes the role of symbolic factors such as concept and social construction in the policy process,and thereby provides a new perspective for describing and understanding policy changes.
作者
武晗
王国华
Han Wu;Guohua Wang
出处
《公共行政评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期79-98,209,210,共22页
Journal of Public Administration
基金
国家自科基金重点项目(71734002)。
关键词
社会建构
焦点事件
政策变迁
野生动物保护
Social Construction
Focus Events
Policy Change
Wildlife Protection
