摘要
行政诉讼证明妨碍易发生于证据形成过程中,且通常与严重的行政程序违法行为竞合。行政诉讼证明妨碍的典型特征主要表现为,当事人双方实施妨碍行为的动机和机会不均等、不作为妨碍行为更为普遍和妨碍法律后果的承担者特定情况下与妨碍主体分离等。以民事诉讼为参照,应从程序法、证据法和实体法三方面入手,构建行政诉讼证明妨碍制裁与救济规则体系。其制度要点包括:确立权力控制、回复真实和补偿之法律规制目标,服务于争议解决、权利救济和行政监督之诉讼目的;对妨碍诉讼的强制措施进行改进,加大公法上的不利评价;在证据自由评价说的理论框架内选择适用制裁与救济手段,同时为法官评价设置若干标准;完善民事、刑事责任以及行业规范制裁等实体法层面的规制措施。
Spoliation of evidence in administrative litigation is more likely to occur in the process by which evidences are formed,and usually coincides with serious violations of administrative procedure.In addition,typical characteristics of spoliation of evidences in administrative litigation include:1.The motivation and opportunity of the parties to spoil evidences are not equal;2.Spoliation of evidences committed in an inactive way is more common;3.The bearer of the legal consequence is not the party who has committed the spoliation in some specific circumstances etc.Taking evidence spoliation in civil procedure as a reference,the sanctions and relief rules of administrative litigation evidence spoliation should be constructed in three respects,namely procedural law rules,evidence law rules and substantive law rules.The key points of the system include:setting the policy goals of power control,finding the truth and compensation so as to serve the purpose of dispute resolution,right relief and administrative litigation supervision;improving the compulsory measures against the impairment of litigation and increasing the adverse evaluation in public law;selecting the applicable relief and sanction means according to the theory of free evaluation of evidence,and setting up some criteria for judge’s evaluation at the same time;perfecting the relief and sanction measures of substantive law,such as civil liabilities,criminal liability and sanctions by professional norms.
作者
于鹏
冯亦浓
Yu Peng;FENG Yi-nong(Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081;Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Huhhot 010051)
出处
《行政法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期128-143,共16页
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW
基金
国家社科基金年度一般项目“民事诉讼证明妨碍救济制裁制度研究”(项目编号:15BFX094)。
关键词
证明妨碍
法律规制
行政诉讼
民事诉讼
Spoliation of Evidence
Legal Regulation
Administrative Litigation
Civil Litigation
