摘要
在法定犯时代,为了在教义学上合理限定行政犯的处罚范围,应当转换违法性认识的基本立场,重新激活故意理论。责任理论导致故意概念的形式化,难以说明故意责任的实质。故意理论值得赞同,但是这里的“故意”指的是构成要件故意,从而违法性认识应属于不法要素。采取故意理论,不会产生处罚的漏洞,其关键在于厘清未必的不法认识与法律过失的关系。在这一立场之下,理论上区分事实错误与违法性错误并没有意义,关键只在于判断行为人主观上是否具有抵触行为规范的意思。无论是事实错误,还是规范错误,均有可能发生故意阻却的效果。而在规范性构成要件要素与空白构成要件中,强行区分事实错误与违法性错误,不仅没有必要,事实上也不可能。
In the era of legal crimes,the basic position of illegal cognition should be changed and the theory of intention should be reactivated in order to reasonably limit the scope of punishment for administrative crimes in dogmatics of law.The theory of responsibility leads to the formalization of the concept of intention,and it is difficult to explain the essence of intentional responsibility.Intentional theory is worthy of approval,but the“intentional”here refers to intentional elements,so the knowledge of illegality should belong to the element of illegality.Adopting the theory of intention will not create loopholes in punishment.The key is to clarify the relationship between unnecessarily illegal knowledge and legal negligence.Under this position,it is meaningless to distinguish mistake of fact from fault on the illegality.The key lies in judging whether the perpetrator is subjectively inconsistent with the code of conduct.Whether it is a factual error or a normative error,the effect of deliberate deterrence may occur.In the normative constituent elements and the blank constituent elements,forcibly distinguishing between factual errors and illegal errors is not only unnecessary,but in fact impossible.
作者
王俊
WANG Jun(Kenneth Wang Law School of Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,China)
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期180-194,共15页
Modern Law Science
基金
2018年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“法定犯时代下空白规范的刑法认知问题研究”(18YJC820063)
2018年度江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“行政犯的违法性认识问题研究”(18FXC006)。
关键词
违法性认识
责任说
构成要件故意说
事实错误
违法性错误
illegal cognition
theory of responsibility
intentional theory of constitutive elements
mistake of fact
fault on the illegality
