摘要
现代汉语副词“还”具有持续、增量、程度深的比较和程度浅的比较(边缘性)等多种用法。这些用法所对应的意义既彼此独立,又存在内在逻辑联系。文章引入量段语义学的框架,对这一现象提出新的分析。“还”的基本义和一个上升的有向量段有关,该量段上存在终点(END)和起点(START),终点和起点之间存在不对称语义蕴含关系:END>START;“还”所在当前命题和选项命题分别构成量段的终点和起点。“还”的各种用法源于两类语义参项的不同作用:量段所处量级结构的性质;量段上极值(终点和起点)的确定方式。不同的语义参项导致了不同的语义组合方式,进而产生了不同的用法。该分析还有助于辨析“还”与其近义副词“再、也、又、更”之间的重合与差异。
The adverb“hai”(还)in Mandarin Chinese exhibits a variety of uses:continuation,additivity,comparison,and marginality.In the light of Scale Segment Semantics,this study proposes that additive,continuative,comparative and marginal uses all assert the existence of a rising segment,which is defined by an asymmetrical ordering relationship between the END and the START,where END>START.The various uses of“hai”is attributed to the interaction of two clusters of parameters related to this rising segment:(i)the nature of the scales and(ii)the identification of the extremities(i.e.,START and END)of the scale segments.Different semantic parameters result into different semantic combinations,which in turn give rise to different uses of“hai”.The present analysis not only offers a more motivated account of the additive,continuative,comparative and marginal homophony of“hai”,but also suggests a way to distinguish hai from its near synonyms such as“zai(在)”“ye(也)”“you(又)”and“geng(更)”.
作者
罗琼鹏
Luo Qiongpeng(School of Liberal Arts,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023)
出处
《语言科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期592-609,共18页
Linguistic Sciences
基金
国家社科基金一般项目(编号:16BYY006)
南京大学“双一流”建设文科研究专项“汉语语义研究与新时代汉语语法理论创新”的资助。
关键词
“还”
量级结构
量段语义学
汉语虚词
“hai”
scale structure
scale segment semantics
Mandarin Chinese adverb
