摘要
信义义务起源于信托领域,忠实义务是其核心内容。从抽象意义来看,忠实义务的基本要求包括受托人为受益人的唯一利益或最佳利益服务,以及禁止利益冲突。注意义务的标准高于忠实义务,但内涵并不明确,共计有商业判断规则、谨慎投资人标准、善良管理人的注意义务、诚实信用四种学说可供参考。英美法上,违反信义义务的特殊法律责任包括衡平法上的返还获利以及拟制信托,它们具有惩罚性。中国法上,忠实义务体现为一系列禁止性规范,注意义务则呈现为一般条款与不确定概念,违反信义义务的法律后果属于违反保护他人法律的侵权类型。注意义务具体化可以适用比例原则以及动态系统论。中国法可以在医疗等领域推广适用信义义务。
The fiduciary duty originates from certain typical cases in trust law, and the duty of loyaltyconstitutes its core content. In the abstract,the duty of loyalty requires fiduciaries to act for the beneficiaries’sole interest or best interest and to avoid conflicts of interest.Although its content is not clear-cut,generally the duty of care has a higher requirement than duty of loyalty,and in both American law andRoman law,four doctrines,i.e. business judgment rule,a prudent investor rule,the duty of care of goodmanagers and good faith,can be cited for reference in its application.In American law,the special consequences of breach of fiduciary duty include accounting of profits and constructive trust,both of which arepunitive measures. In Chinese law,the duty of loyalty take the forms of a series of prohibitive normswhile the duty of care emerges as a general clause and unclear concept,and the breach of fiduciary dutyappertains to a tort of violation of law for protecting others.The theories of proportional principle andflexible system can be used in embodying the duty of care. In Chinese law,fiduciary duty can also be applied in other areas,such as medical relation.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期1573-1595,共23页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金“类型与构造:资产管理人的信义义务研究”(项目批准号:19YJC820061)阶段性成果
首都经济贸易大学北京市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目资助.
关键词
信义义务
信义关系
忠实义务
注意义务
返还获利
Fiduciary Duty
Fiduciary Relationship
Duty of Loyalty
Duty of Care
Accounting of Profits
