摘要
自我调节是个体发展和社会化的重要标志,在学前阶段发展迅速。研究选取白天-黑夜、头脚任务、延迟等待等实验范式,考察219名3岁幼儿一年内(3次测试)冷热自我调节的发展趋势及性别差异。结果表明:(1)二因素模型拟合显著好于单因素模型,冷热两成分中度相关;(2)幼儿的冷自我调节中度稳定,热自我调节中低度稳定;(3)幼儿的抑制控制与延迟等待随年龄增加而提高,女孩的延迟等待提高后保持稳定;(4)整体来看,幼儿的抑制控制和延迟等待存在显著性别差异,但具体来看,女孩的抑制控制仅在早期高于男孩,在延迟等待方面却始终高于男孩。结论:3~4岁女孩的冷热自我调节发展不同步,女孩的"性别优势"只在热自我调节上始终存在。
Self-regulation is an important hallmark of individual development and socialization,which develops rapidly during preschool period.In this study,the development trends and gender differences of cool and hot self-regulation for 219 children aged 3 years was measured by day-night task,head-toes task and delaying task for three times in a year.The results showed that:(1)Two-factor model fitted significantly better than single-factor model.Cool and hot self-regulation were moderately related;(2)Children’s cool self-regulation was moderately stable,while the stability of hot self-regulation was medium-low;(3)Inhibitory control and delaying of children increased with age.Delaying ability increased significantly first and then kept still,for girls;(4)For all,gender differences were significant in inhibitory control and delaying of children.But girls’inhibitory control was significantly higher than boys’only in early period,while always higher in delaying.Conclusion:At the age of 3~4,development trends of girls’cool and hot self-regulation are not synchronous.The"gender advantage"for girls persists only in hot self-regulation.
作者
王苏
盖笑松
WANG Su;GAI Xiaosong(School of Psychology,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024)
出处
《心理发展与教育》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期641-648,共8页
Psychological Development and Education
基金
2016年北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心自主课题《学前儿童社会监测指标体系及工具研究》(2016-03-002-BZK01)
奕阳教育研究院青年学者项目“基于积极养育模型的家长培训项目”(SEI-QXZ-2016-13)。
关键词
幼儿
自我调节
抑制控制
延迟等待
性别差异
preschoolers
self-regulation
inhibitory control
delaying
gender differences
