摘要
研究氮肥对青贮玉米籽粒产量和青饲品质的影响,探讨氮肥更有效的利用效率。以青贮玉米‘津贮100’为试验材料,设0、80、160、240和320 kg/hm^25个施氮水平,测定不同施氮处理玉米籽粒产量、籽粒和茎叶粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和淀粉含量。结果表明,施氮量为240 kg/hm^2时玉米产量最高,达11044.28 kg/hm^2,产量增幅为11.82%;施氮量为160 kg/hm^2时玉米茎叶、籽粒中的粗蛋白和淀粉含量都达最高,较不施氮肥处理分别提高了22.17%、9.99%、5.90%、19.05%。籽粒和茎叶中的中性洗涤纤维含量以施氮量为0和80 kg/hm^2时最低。茎叶中酸性洗涤纤维含量在施氮量0~160 kg/hm^2范围内最低。籽粒中酸性洗涤纤维含量以不施氮处理最低。在一定氮肥施用范围内,玉米产量随施氮量的增加而增加,但饲用品质随施氮量增加而降低。‘津贮100’玉米在施用适量磷肥和钾肥的同时,产量和总干物质量均以施氮量为240 kg/hm^2时最高;从品质性状来看,减少氮肥施用量是提高青贮玉米饲用品质的有效途径,施氮量以160 kg/hm^2为宜。
In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and forage quality of silage maize and discus on more effective utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,using silage maize variety‘Jinzhu 100’as the test material,5 nitrogen application levels of 0,80,160,240 and 320 kg/hm^2 were set up and maize grain yield,the content of crude protein in stem,leaf and grain,the content of acid and neutral washing fiber and the content of starch under various nitrogen fertilizer treatments were determined.The test results showed that,the yield of corn was the highest at 240 kg/hm^2,reaching 11044.28 kg/hm^2,and the yield increased by 11.82%.The content of crude protein and starch in maize stem,leaf and grain were the highest at 160 kg/hm^2,compared with the treatment without nitrogen fertilizer,it increased by 22.17%,9.99%,5.90%and 19.05%,respectively.The content of neutral washing fiber in seeds,stems and leaves were the lowest at 0 kg/hm^2 and 80 kg/hm^2;when the nitrogen content were 0 kg/hm^2 and 160 kg/hm^2 the medium acid washing fiber of the stems and leaves were the lowest;when the treatment without nitrogen fertilizer,the medium-acid washing fiber in the grain was the lowest.In the application range of nitrogen fertilizer,the yield of corn was increased with the increase of nitrogen application.The forage quality of corn decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.While applying appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to‘Jinzhu 100’corn,the yield and total dry matter weight were both the highest with 240 kg/hm^2 of nitrogen;From the perspective of quality traits,reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was an effective way to improve the forage quality of silage corn,and it was appropriate to use 160 kg/hm^2.
作者
张倩
张烈
崔如清
刘琪
杜锦
曹高燚
田秀平
ZHANG Qian;ZHANG Lie;CUI Ru-qing;LIU Qi;DU Jin;CAO Gao-yi;TIAN Xiu-ping(College of Agronomy and Resource Environment,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Tianjin Zhongtian Dadi Technology Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300384,China)
出处
《天津农学院学报》
CAS
2020年第3期1-6,共6页
Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University
基金
天津市种业科技重大专项(16ZXZYNC00150)。
关键词
氮肥
青贮玉米
产量
青饲品质
nitrogen fertilizer
silage maize
yield
forage quality
