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种植密度和间作豆科牧草对青贮玉米生产性能的影响 被引量:11

Effects of Planting Density and Intercropping Legume on the Performance of Silage Maize
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摘要 在4种不同种植密度处理(6.75、8.25、9.75、11.25万株/公顷),以及间作4种豆科牧草(拉巴豆、秣食豆)试验基础上,从青贮玉米农艺性状及经济效益方面,研究了海河平原区青贮玉米适宜种植密度以及间作豆科牧草对青贮玉米生产性能的影响。结果表明,在密度8.25万株/公顷处理下,青贮玉米产量最高,结构较为合理,显著高于6.75万株/公顷和9.75万株/公顷(P<0.01),而在高密度处理下(11.25万株/公顷),表现为茎秆比重高、穗比重低,生育期推迟2~3d,茎秆变细,倒伏率增加。间作豆科牧草与对照(玉米单作)的青贮玉米产量、产量结构无显著差异;间作群体于玉米蜡熟期收获时,间作拉巴豆鲜草总产量、干草总产量、净收入、土地当量比均显著高于对照(P<0.01),分别提高了33.4%、22.1%、33.6%和0.57,经济效益和土地利用率得到大幅提高。综上所述,在海河平原区青贮玉米适宜种植密度为8.25万株/公顷,其与拉巴豆间作为最佳间作方式。 On the basis of four different planting density treatments(67500,82500,97500,112500 plants/hm 2)and intercropping four legume forages(lablab bean,fodder soybean),the effect of the suitable planting density of silage corn and intercropping legume forage on the production performance of silage corn in Haihe Plain were studied from the aspects of agronomic characters and economic benefits.The results showed that the yield of silage maize was the highest and the structure was more reasonable under the density of 82500 plants/hm 2,which was significantly higher than 67500 plants/hm 2 and 97500 plants/hm 2(P<0.01).But under the high density treatment(112500 plants/hm 2),the stalk proportion was high and the ear proportion was low,the growth period was delayed for 2~3 days,the stalk became thin and the lodging rate increased.The yield and yield structure of silage corn in intercropping legume forage and control(corn monoculture)were not significantly different;when intercropping population was harvested in corn waxy stage,the total fresh yield,total hay yield,net income and land equivalent ratio(LER)of intercropping lablab bean were significantly higher than those in control(P<0.01),which increased by 33.4%,22.1%,33.6%and 0.57 respectively,and the economic benefit and land use rate were greatly improved.In conclusion,the suitable planting density of Silage Maize in Haihe Plain is 82500 plants/hm 2,and the best intercropping mode is between silage maize and lablab bean.
作者 赵海明 游永亮 武瑞鑫 翟兰菊 宋凤格 李源 Zhao Haiming;You Yongliang;Wu Ruixin;Zhai Lanju;Song Fengge;Li Yuan(Dryland Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Drought Resistance of Hebei Province,Hengshui 053000,China;Hebei Agricultural Radio and TV School Hengshui Branch,Hengshui 053000,China)
出处 《草学》 2020年第5期25-31,共7页 Journal of Grassland and Forage Science
基金 河北省重点研发计划(奶业振兴重大技术创新专项)(19227513D) 河北省重点研发计划(农业关键共性技术攻关专项项目)(18226603D-2) 现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-34)资助。
关键词 青贮玉米 种植密度 间作 拉巴豆 秣食豆 产草量 silage maize planting density intercropping lablab bean fodder soybean forage yield
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