摘要
继工具理性压倒价值理性成为现代社会的宰制力量之后,现代主导的“社会合理化”趋势重塑了人类的生活方式,带来了现代人认识的偏狭、身体的放逐、精神的贫乏以及交往的异化,这些都深刻改变着道德学习的场域,使得道德教育逐渐落入“现代性困境”之中,主要体现为道德知识的僵化、道德情感的剥离、道德意志的涣散与道德行为的隐没。究其根源,道德教育的理性根基被工具理性所宰制,理性被曲解为“技术合理性”、被改造为抑制感性的工具、被异化为失去反思内核的单向度的思想。因此,在找回理性的真诚性、可理解性、正当性的基础上进行理性重建成为化解道德教育困境的根本出路。具体来说,道德教育的理性重建可诉诸三重进路。一是在实践理性的观照下磨砺道德意志,其使命是产生“善良意志”;二是在价值理性的引领下摆脱工具理性的操弄,其使命是激发道德情感;三是在交往理性的指导下通过道德主体在共同语境中的话语论辩取得共识,其使命是践行道德规范。
When the instrumental rationality overpowered value rationality and became the dominant force of modern society,the social rationalization trend dominated by modernity reshaped the way of human life,bringing with it the intolerance of modern people's understanding,the exile of body,the poverty of spirit and the alienation of communication.It profoundly changes the field of moral learning and makes moral education gradually fall into the modernity dilemma,which is mainly reflected in the rigidity of moral knowledge,the separation of moral emotion,the lax moral will and the disappearance of moral behavior.At its root,the rational foundation of moral education is dominated by instrumental rationality,which is misinterpreted as technical rationality,transformed into a tool to suppress sensibility,and alienated as a one-way thought without the kernel of reflection.Therefore,it is the fundamental way to resolve the dilemma of moral education to rebuild rationality on the basis of finding the sincerity,comprehensibility and legitimacy of rationality.To be specific,the rational reconstruction of moral education can resort to the following three approaches:first,to sharpen moral will under the observation of practical reason,whose mission is to produce good will;The second is to get rid of the manipulation of instrumental rationality under the guidance of value rationality,whose mission is to stimulate moral emotion;Third,under the guidance of communicative rationality,we can reach consensus through discourse debate of moral subjects in the common context,whose mission is to practice moral norms.
作者
刁益虎
DIAO Yi-hu(School of Education,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121,China)
出处
《内蒙古社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期196-202,共7页
Inner Mongolia Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金项目“十三五”规划教育学一般课题“关键能力发展的社会逻辑与教育机制研究”(编号:BAA180020)
江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目“学校内部信任生成机制研究”(编号:2019SJA2218)。
关键词
道德教育
现代性
理性
社会交往
困境
Moral Education
Modernity
Reason
Social Interaction
Dilemma
