摘要
为研究替代哈龙的新型清洁灭火剂对民航运输锂离子电池火灾作用特性,基于动压变温实验舱,实验设定了80、60、40 kPa的压力环境,使用全氟己酮、2-溴-3,3,3三氟丙烯和细水雾进行灭火实验。根据它们的灭火机理,从实验灭火现象、降温效果、灭火后一氧化碳气体浓度方面分析3种灭火剂的灭火效果。结果表明:变压条件下全氟己酮和2-溴-3,3,3三氟丙烯两种灭火剂主要通过化学抑制的机理有效降低锂离子电池火焰中自由基H·和OH·浓度,从而对热失控燃爆的锂电池实现快速灭火,灭火时间会随环境压力的下降而缩短,40 kPa时全氟己酮的灭火时间仅为1.0 s;同时灭火剂的降温冷却作用会随环境压力的升高而减弱,其中降温效果较好的细水雾在80、60、40 kPa压力环境下的降温幅度分别为210、145、89℃;对于降低锂电池燃爆产生的可燃性有毒气体一氧化碳浓度,全氟己酮和2-溴-3,3,3三氟丙烯要好于细水雾,40 kPa时灭火后一氧化碳峰值浓度降至1332×10^-6和1389×10^-6。可见全氟己酮的综合性最佳,细水雾的降温冷却效果较好,但若在施加剂量较少和施加时间较短时,灭火效果和降低毒性气体浓度效果较差。
The characteristics of three new-typed clean fire extinguishing agents for the substitution of halon,i.e.,perfluorohexanone,2-bromo-3,3,3 trifluoropropene,and water mist,were chosen and tested on civil aviation transportation against lithium-ion battery fire.An experiment cabin was set up for the tests under three pressures(80,60,and 40 kPa).The fire extinguishing effects of the three agents were analyzed in perspectives of fire extinguishing scene,cooling effect,and carbon monoxide concentration.The results show that perfluorohexanone and 2-bromo-3,3,3 trifluoropropene under different pressure conditions could effectively reduce the concentration of free radical H·and OH·in the flame,by chemical suppression mainly.Therefore,the thermally uncontrolled and explosive lithium batteries can be put out rapidly.The time of extinguishing is shortened as the environmental pressure decreased.Under 40 kPa,the extinguishing time of perfluorohexanone is only 1.0 s.Meanwhile,the cooling effect varied with the pressure.Water mist show best cooling effect as the temperature dropping under the pressure environment of 80,60,40 kPa is 210,145,89℃,respectively.Perfluorohexanone and 2-bromo-3,3,3 trifluoropropene are better than water mist in terms of reducing carbon monoxide concentration caused by the explosion and fire of lithium batteries;the peaks of carbon monoxide concentration after fire extinguishing under 40 kPa dropped to 1332×10^-6 and 1389×10^-6,respectively.Therefore,in overall,the performance of perfluorohexanone is the best.Water mist is better in cooling effect;however,application of insufficient amount and time of water mist may result in poor performance in fire extinguishing effect and in the reduction of toxic gas concentration.
作者
沈俊杰
贺元骅
王海斌
郭君
陈现涛
SHEN Jun-jie;HE Yuan-hua;WANG Hai-bin;GUO Jun;CHEN Xian-tao(Civil Aviation Safety Engineering College,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan 618307,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2020年第27期11378-11384,共7页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0809500)
中国民用航空飞行学院研究生科研创新计划项目(X2020-23)。
关键词
锂离子电池火
变压环境
新型清洁灭火剂
降温效果
毒性气体浓度
lithium-ion battery fire
variable-pressure environment
new clean fire extinguishing agent
cooling effect
concentration of toxic gas
