摘要
破坏性创新理论研究市场新进入者与已在位者两类具有不对称现状企业之间如何博弈的问题,被认为是21世纪初最有影响力的商业理论。克莱顿·克里斯坦森认为,新进入者必须选择与在位者差异化的客户群,而且需要用新技术来生产产品。如果选择低端客户,就是所谓低端客户破坏策略;如果选择潜在消费者,则是新市场破坏策略。破坏性策略是打败强敌的有效方法。该理论创建二十多年来受到理论和实践两方面的广泛关注,克莱顿·克里斯坦森作为该理论的创始人也因此享誉全球。本文重温了破坏性创新理论,对二十多年来破坏性创新理论的研究与实践进行了归纳与分析,并客观评述了人们对破坏性创新的误解、修正和发展。本文的研究贡献是:系统性地评述了破坏性创新理论,并依据克里斯坦森的学术和实践经历,提出破坏性创新理论与实践是动态发展的过程;在客观评述创立时期的破坏性创新理论的基础上,进一步分析评述了克里斯坦森近年来不断深入管理实践,进而提出的市场创造型创新、持续型创新、效率型创新三种创新模式,本文将其称为MSE创新模式;最后,本文阐述了在数字经济背景下破坏性创新理论向何处去的问题。
Disruptive innovation is regarded as the most influential innovation theory in business theory in the early 21st century.Clayton Christensen,the founder of the theory,has attracted extensive attention both in theory and practice since the theory was founded more than 20 years ago.This concept was elaborated and developed in Christensen’s 1997 book,The Innovator’s Dilemma,and in subsequent articles and monographs.Specifically,although disruptive innovation involves a lot of content,its core content needs to meet four basic criteria:(1)locking customers in a new way;(2)usually lowering gross profit;(3)usually not following the traditional trajectory of improving the performance valued by mainstream consumers;(4)introducing new trajectory of performance and improving performance along parameters different from the traditional ones.In addition,the disruptive innovation theory has been also described as the game between two types of enterprises with asymmetric capacity resources.Usually it describes the game between new entrants and incumbents.The weak side must rely on innovation to subvert their strong competitors.The crux of the problem is what the strategies are taken by the weak side.Christensen argues that new entrants must choose a customer base that differs from incumbents and they need new technologies to produce better qualified and lower priced products.If low-end customers are selected,it is the low-end customer disruptive innovation strategy;if potential consumers are selected,it is the new market disruptive innovation strategy,and a disruptive innovation strategy is an effective way to defeat strong competitors.This paper reviews the theory of disruptive innovation,classifies and analyzes the research and practice of disruptive innovation theory in the past more than two decades by means of literature review,and objectively comments on the misunderstanding,modification and development of disruptive innovation.In addition to The Innovator’s Dilemma,Christensen’s other books and papers are also rev
作者
斯晓夫
刘婉
巫景飞
Si Steven;Liu Wan;Wu Jingfei(School of Management,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;School of Economics,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)
出处
《外国经济与管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第10期125-138,共14页
Foreign Economics & Management
关键词
克里斯坦森
破坏性创新
MSE创新模式
数字经济
问题与展望
Clayton Christensen
disruptive innovation
MSE innovation model
digital economy
new issues and prospects
