摘要
捕食与防御是物种生态适应及生理生态学的核心内容.动物毒液系统是动物实施捕食与防御功能的典型"生化武器系统",对理解动物生态适应的生理学机制具有重要意义.各种有毒动物的毒素分子具有高度的结构和功能多样性.人们从有毒动物毒液中鉴定到了丰富多样的生物学活性,包括神经毒活性、酶活性、细胞毒活性、抗菌活性、凝集素活性、溶血活性、抗栓活性、凝血活性、免疫调节活性、酶类抑制剂活性、缓激肽增强活性和抗病毒活性等.有毒动物利用毒素的高亲和性和高选择性作用于细胞膜、离子通道、受体或酶影响神经系统、运动系统、心脑血管系统和免疫系统,从而实施快速、高效的捕食和防御.而捕食者为了捕食有毒动物,针对有毒动物的协同进化也一直在进行.本文对有毒动物捕食和防御的分子基础、药理学功能多样性和几类典型有毒动物的捕食和防御相关的适应机制进行了介绍.
Predation and defense are the core contents of ecological adaptation and physiological ecology of species. Animal venom system is a typical "biochemical weapon system" for animals to implement predation and defense functions, which is of great significance for understanding the physiological mechanism of animal ecological adaptation. Toxin molecules from various venomous animals have high structural and functional diversity. A variety of biological activities have been identified from the venom of poisonous animals,including neurotoxic activity, enzyme activity, cytotoxic activity, antibacterial activity, agglutinin activity, hemolytic activity,antithrombotic activity, coagulation activity, immunomodulatory activity, enzyme inhibitor activity, bradykinin enhancing activity,and antiviral activity. Toxins with high affinity and high selectivity are used by venomous animals to act on cell membranes, ion channels, receptors or enzymes to affect the nervous system, skeletal system, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system and immune system, thus implementing fast and efficient predation and defense. In order to prey on poisonous animals, predators have been undergoing coevolution with poisonous animals. In this review, we introduce the molecular basis of predation and defense of venomous animals, the diversity of pharmacological functions and the adaptive mechanisms related to predation and defense of several typical venomous animals.
作者
罗雷
靳林
吕秋敏
赖仞
LUO Lei;JIN Lin;LV QiuMin;LAI Ren(Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China;USTC-KIZ Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Peptides,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Kunming 650223,China;KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases,Kunming 650223,China;Sino-African Joint Research Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《中国科学：生命科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期812-826,共15页
Scientia Sinica(Vitae)
基金
国家自然科学基金(批准号:21761142002,31900332)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(批准号:XDB31000000)
中国科学院重大任务局项目(批准号:KGFZD-135-17-011)
中国科学院战略生物资源服务网络计划项目(批准号:KFJ-STS-SCYD-304)
中国科学院西部之光项目(批准号:Y902421081)
中国科学院青促会项目(批准号:2020000018)
中非联合研究中心项目(批准号:SAJC201606)
云南省自然科学基金(批准号:2015HA023,2016FA008,2019ZF003)资助。
关键词
捕食
防御
有毒动物
毒液
生存适应
predation
defense
venomous animals
venom
survival adaptation
