摘要
董仲舒责任伦理思想极为独特而深刻,它不仅从名言角度就“责”“任”和“责过”等概念做了阐发,提出了“春秋责在而不讨贼者”“系之重责”“恶厚而责薄”等命题,还从隐含视角立足于心学资源揭示了儒家责任伦理。董仲舒承继了孟子重责的传统,阐释了责己责人、“擥名责实”和“君之重任”“王者之任”“以成民之性为任”等思想范式;他还用“良心”“本心”“心善”“惧惕之心”等相关概念分析春秋大义,围绕心与责任的关系问题,实质性地阐述了心志决定责任、善心是评价义务行为合理性的标准、“尊礼重信”的义务诫命基于人的“良心”和惨怛之仁心使人肩负起恤民救民的责任等理念。董仲舒的责任伦理思想,可以为建立责任制度、培植责任人格、建构责任心学、塑造责任伦理提供精神资源。
Dong Zhongshu’s responsibility ethics is extremely unique and profound.He not only explicitly expounded the connotations of“ze”(blame,condemn,punish,supervise and criticize),“ren”(use,appoint;responsibility,mission,obligation)and“ze guo”(guilt,fault),putting forward such propositions as“those who were responsible for punishing rebellious persons but did not do that in the Spring and Autumn Period”,“giving severe punishment”,“being very sinful but punished lightly”,but also implicitly revealed the Confucian ethics of responsibility based on the theory of heart.Besides,he inherited the tradition of Mencius’attaching great importance to responsibility,explaining such ideological paradigms as blaming oneself and others with benevolence and justice,observing one’s reputation and examining one’s achievements,the king’s great responsibility of grasping the power of the country,his important task of matching the humanity with heaven,his historical mission of educating the people to be kind.In addition,he used the concepts of conscience,original mind,kindness and fear to analyze the spirit of Chinese people,and focusing on the relationship between heart and responsibility,essentially expounded the concepts that heart determined responsibility,that kindness was the standard for evaluating the rationality of obligation behavior,that the obligation command of respecting etiquette and valuing integrity was based on one’s conscience and that the miserable benevolence made people shoulder the responsibility of caring for the people and saving the people.His responsibility ethics can provide spiritual resources for establishing responsibility system,cultivating responsibility personality,constructing theory of heart on responsibility,shaping responsibility ethics.
作者
涂可国
TU Keguo(Centre for International Confucianism Research and Exchange,Shandong Academy of Social Sciences,Jinan,Shandong 250002,China)
出处
《衡水学院学报》
2020年第5期37-43,共7页
Journal of Hengshui University
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(14BZX046)。
关键词
董仲舒
责任
责任伦理
责任体系
Dong Zhongshu
responsibility
responsibility ethnics
responsibility system
