摘要
目的探讨我国农村改厕情况及其影响因素。方法应用SAS 9.4软件对2015年的农村改厕情况进行零模型分析,通过计算组内相关系数(ICC)分析省间改厕率的差异性,进一步在家庭水平对改厕的相关影响因素进行二水平多因素logistic回归分析。结果共抽取73692户农村家庭,改厕家庭占52.77%。零模型分析显示华北地区的天津、河北、山西、内蒙古自治区,东北地区的辽宁、吉林,华东地区的安徽、山东,华中地区的河南,西南地区的贵州、云南、西藏自治区,西北地区的陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区以及新疆生产建设兵团的随机效应的估计值小于0,其改厕率低于全国平均水平。组内相关系数(ICC)为50.90%,改厕率在省间存在差异性。二水平logistic回归结果可见,改厕相关影响因素中文化程度、民族、家庭常住人口数、饮水习惯以及洗手习惯等因素对改厕的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改厕率仍存在省间差异;在家庭水平,受访者为汉族、文化程度高对改厕工作有促进作用,培养良好的卫生习惯利于卫生意识的形成从而可促进改厕。
Objective To explore the influencing factors related to the improvement of toilets in rural areas of China.Methods SAS 9.4 was used to build null model in rural areas of China in 2015.Intracluster correlation coefficients was calculated to analyze inter-provincial difference in rate of latrine improvement in nationwide.Two-level multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the related influencing factors about latrine improvement in household level.Results In this study,73692 rural families were chosen,of which 52.77%used sanitary toilets,and 47.23%used unhygienic toilets or no toilets.The zeromodel analysis showed that the estimated values of random effect for Tianjin,Hebei,Shanxi,and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions in North China,Liaoning and Jilin in Northeast China,Anhui,Shandong in East China,Henan in Central China,Guizhou,Yunnan,Tibet in Southwest China,Shaanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Northwest China were less than 0.The rates of latrine improvement of above-mentioned provinces and cities were lower than the national average level.The intra-group correlation coefficient(ICC)was 50.90%,suggesting that there was a difference between provinces in the rate of latrine improvement.The results of the two-level logistic regression showed that the latrine improvement-related factors,such as education level,nation,the number of resident households,habits of drinking water and washing hand,had statistically significant effects on latrine improvement(P<0.05).Conclusion Inter-provincial differences in rates of latrine improvement still exist.At the family level,Han nationality and higher education level are considered to promote the latrine improvement,and keeping good sanitary habits is conducive to the formation of sanitary consciousness and can promote latrine improvement.
作者
胡海娟
樊福成
姚伟
付彦芬
HU Hai-juan;FAN Fu-cheng;YAO Wei;FU Yan-fen(National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Bejing 102200,China)
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第11期1029-1032,共4页
Journal of Environment and Health
