摘要
【目的】研究不同品种花粉授粉对鸭梨幼果基部内源激素水平的影响,探究影响鸭突形成与发育的关键因子。【方法】以30 a(年)生‘鸭梨’(Pyrus bretschneideri‘Yali’)为试材,用‘脆梨‘’库尔勒香梨’和‘雪花梨’花粉进行人工授粉,在果实成熟期调查了果实鸭突率和鸭突类型组成,在授粉后10 d、20 d和35 d测定了幼果基部组织内源激素含量。【结果】采用不同梨品种花粉授粉显著影响‘鸭梨’鸭突发生率及鸭突类型组成。以‘脆梨’和‘库尔勒香梨’花粉授粉结实果实的鸭突率分别为100%和84.9%(2016)、99.8%和100%(2017),显著高于以‘雪花梨’花粉授粉结实果实的鸭突率66.7%(2016)和60.7%(2017);以‘脆梨’花粉授粉结实果实鸭突类型中典型鸭突占比较高,达95.4%(2016)和92.2%(2017),显著高于以‘库尔勒香梨’(54.2%(2016)和63.5%(2017))‘、雪花梨’(46.7%(2016)和50.0%(2017))花粉授粉结实果实典型鸭突率。在幼果发育早期,以‘脆梨’和‘库尔勒香梨’花粉授粉结实的鸭梨幼果基部组织含有相对较高的GA3、ZR含量,较低的ABA含量,而IAA含量基本无差异‘;脆梨’花粉授粉在提高幼果基部促生长类激素含量和降低ABA含量的效应最强,其次为‘库尔勒香梨’和‘雪花梨’花粉授粉。【结论】不同梨品种花粉授粉影响‘鸭梨’鸭突发生率和鸭突类型组成,鸭突的形成和发育受内源激素调控,幼果基部高水平GA3和ZR,低水平ABA促进鸭突形成与发育。
【Objective】’Yali’(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)is native to the Hebei province in China.It is one of the superior traditional pear cultivars.Yatu,formed on the stalk cavity of the fruit,is a typical phenotypic trait of’Yali’.The existence and types of Yatu are important indicators for evaluating the quality of pears.Disappearance of Yatu frequently occurs in’Yali’production,and the mechanism is unclear yet.It is important and necessary to clarify the mechanism of Yatu morphogenesis and development.Based on our previous studies,three pollinizer cultivars which had the different influence on Yatu formation were selected to perform controlled pollination for’Yali’.This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the morphogenesis and development of Yatu.【Methods】The experiment was carried out from 2016 to 2017 in a commercial pear orchard in Botou,Hebei province,China(38°8’24’’N,116°31’12’’E).’Yali’trees on P.betulaefolia Bunge rootstocks were planted in 1988 with a spacing at 4 m×6 m and a north-to-south row orientation.The experiment was designed in a randomized blocks with three replications of two trees each.The first-order flowers within the inflorescence were bagged,and the others within the same inflorescence were removed 2 days before bloom.Then,during bloom,control pollination was performed on the bagged flowers with the prepared pollens of’Cuili’,’Kuerlexiangli’and’Xuehuali’pears.The pollen of’Cuili’,a native pear variety,was obtained from a local orchard.The pollens of’Kuerlexiangli’pear and’Xuehuali’were obtained from the pear variety preservation garden in Zhaoxian,Hebei province,China.Mature fruit were harvested at 162 days after pollination(DAP).The percentage of fruit with different types of Yatu were counted at 162 DAP.The difference in fruit length between the two opposing sides of a fruit was used as a grading standard for Yatu.One side of the fruit with Yatu was marked by H,and the opposite side was marked by h.The classification
作者
张莹
刘婉君
成晓华
杜国强
张玉星
ZHANG Ying;LIUWanjun;CHENG Xiaohua;DU Guoqiang;ZHANG Yuxing(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei,China;Pear Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hebei Province,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期1168-1174,共7页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
上海市农委项目(2019第2-2-9号、2018第4-2号)
河北省林业厅果树科技支撑项目(2016-2017)。
关键词
‘鸭梨’
鸭突
形成
发育
授粉品种
内源激素
Pyrus bretschneideri’Yali’
Yatu
Morphogenesis
Development
Pollinizer cultivars
Hormones
