摘要
采用常规压片法,对中国部分野生黄精11个种、43个居群的染色体进行了核型分析,结果显示:(1)43个居群均为二倍体,染色体数目在16~60之间,基数n=8、9、10、11、12、13、15、17、30。(2)43个居群中,15个居群为“2B”型,22个居群为“3B”型,6个居群核型为“2C”型;核型不对称系数在55.78%~75.60%,最长染色体与最短染色体的比值在2.01~6.12之间。(3)43个居群中有23个居群有数目不等、位置不同的随体。(4)中国野生黄精资源从互生叶到轮生叶的染色体数目逐步增加,核型特点表现为:①臂比逐渐增大;②随体逐渐消失;③核型不对称性逐步增强;④不对称系数逐渐增加。研究表明,中国野生黄精不同种或居群的遗传多样表现在染色体数量、不同类型染色体数量以及它们在核型中的排序位置、随体的位置等方面的差异。
The karyotypes of 43 populations in 11 Polygonatum species native to China were studied using traditional squash method.The results showed that:(1)all of those 43 populations were diploids,with the number of chromosomes between 16 and 60,base n=8,9,10,11,12,13,15,17,30.(2)Among those 43 populations,15 populations belonged to Stebbins 2B karyotype;22 populations belonged to 3B karyotype,and the rest 6 populations belonged to 2C karyotype.The AS.K and the ratio of the length of the longest and the shortest chromosome were 55.78%-75.60%and 2.01-6.12.(3)Among those 43 populations,23 populations had different numbers and positions satellite.(4)The chromosome number of Polygonatum species native to China increased gradually from alternate leaves to verticillate leaves,and the karyotype characteristics trend showed in:①the ratio of the length of the longest and the shortest chromosome increased gradually.②Satellite gradually disappear.③Karyotype asymmetry enhanced gradually.④The AS.K increased gradually.Above results indicated that,numbers of chromosome morphology diversity existed among different species or different populations of the same species.The genetic diversity among different species or populations could be discriminated by means of the number and position of different kinds of chromosomes,as well as the difference numbers and positions of satellite.
作者
周建金
罗晓锋
江金兰
叶炜
ZHOU Jianjin;LUO Xiaofeng;JIANG Jinlan;YE Wei(Sanming Academy of Agricultural Science, Shaxian, Fujian 365509, China)
出处
《西北植物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第5期795-810,共16页
Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica
基金
福建省星火项目(2019S01020027)
福建省三明市科技项目(2019-N-2)。
