摘要
支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)是早产儿最常见的呼吸系统合并症之一,主要见于胎龄<32周、出生体重<1500 g的早产儿,近20年BPD的发生率未见下降。BPD以肺泡和肺微血管发育不良为主要特征,表现为肺泡数目减少、体积增大、结构简单化,而气道损伤较轻。患儿在生后的一段时期内长期依赖氧气,甚至需反复机械辅助通气。BPD患儿肺功能损害主要表现为小气道功能损害及肺顺应性降低,大气道指标未见明显异常,从婴儿期开始可持续至成人期。婴幼儿及儿童期咳嗽、喘息等呼吸系统症状及呼吸道感染、哮喘等呼吸系统疾病发病率增加,甚至可影响其生长及神经系统发育,部分在成人期发展为慢性肺疾病。
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)is one of the most common complications of the respiratory system in preterm infants,particularly in infants with the gestational age<32 weeks or the birth weight<1500 g.The incidence of BPD did not decrease during the last twenty years.It is characterized by alveolar and microvascular dysplasia,presenting with less alveolar counts,enlarged and simplistic structure and slight airway damage.BPD patients may be oxygen-dependent and need repeated mechanical ventilation for a long time after birth.The lung function of BPD patients included normal large airway function,small airway dysfunction and decreased compliance that may last well till adulthood.The incidence of respiratory symptoms like cough and wheeze,as well as respiratory diseases like inflammation and asthma significantly increased,and may even impair growth and the development of the neurological system.In some patients it may develop into the chronic lung disease in adulthood.
作者
李科果(综述)
富建华(审校)
薛辛东(审校)
Li Keguo;Fu Jianhua;Xue Xindong(Neonatal Department,Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,China)
出处
《国际儿科学杂志》
2020年第6期403-406,共4页
International Journal of Pediatrics
关键词
肺功能
支气管肺发育不良
早产儿
Lung function
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Preterm infant
