摘要
宅基地“三权分置”的政策意旨在于确保农户不因农房或宅基地流转而丧失居住保障。宅基地使用权的用益物权属性应当予以纯化。确立宅基地使用权“固定期限+自动续期(以户内仍有本集体成员为前提)”,受让人使用宅基地不超过宅基地使用权的剩余期限之规则,可以达致改革政策目标。资格权应定性为成员权,是宅基地使用权得以自动续期的权利保障;使用权应是一种用益物权。宅基地“三权分置”的法律构造,应以实现公平保障功能和充实收益、管理权能为目标,构建落实宅基地集体所有权的相应规则;以纯化用益物权属性为旨归,完善宅基地使用权的创设、登记和处分等规则;以赋权与制约之平衡为导向,形塑受让人宅基地使用权。
The purpose of the policy of“Separation of Three Rights”(farmers’collective ownership,the household right and transferee’s right to use homestead),is to ensure that farmers do not lose the residential security due to the transfer of idle rural houses or homestead.The right to use homestead shall be defined as a usufructuary right by nature.Establishing the rules of“term fixed and renewed automatically on the premise that there still remains collective member in the household”of the household right to use homestead,and the transferee’s use of the homestead shall not exceed the remaining term of the household right,can achieve the goal of reform policy.The qualification right,which aims to guarantee the automatic renewal of household right to use homestead,should be defined as membership right.The use right is a usufructuary right in nature.The legal realization of“separation of three rights”,entails establishing the corresponding system to realize the function of fair guarantee and the legal capacity of seeking profits and management,so as to implement the famers’collective ownership of homestead;establishing the rules of creation,registration and disposition of the household right to use homestead as a usufructuary right by nature;providing the transferee’s right to use homestead in the guidance of balance of entitlement and restriction.
作者
刘恒科
LIU Heng-ke(Taiyuan Normal University)
出处
《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期104-114,共11页
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“经济新常态下中国经济法的回应性研究”(16BFX118)
山西省软科学一般项目“乡村振兴战略背景下山西省闲置宅基地盘活利用法律问题研究”(2019041021-3)。
关键词
宅基地“三权分置”
集体土地所有权
资格权
宅基地使用权
固定期限+自动续期
“Separation of Three Rights”in homestead
famers’collective land ownership
qualification rights
right to use homestead
term fixed and renewed automatically
