摘要
一般来讲,合族祠,又被称之为联宗祠,主要是指明清以来出现在州府县城之中,由同姓的跨地域宗族组织出于某种明确的功能性目的而修建的①。为了探究合族祠出现的原因,本章通过对明清以来府城社会、历史及文化背景的考察,认为府城地区合族祠的出现是与其当时作为整个海南岛的政治中心、经济中心、文化中心及交通枢纽的地位紧密相连的。首先,作为全岛的政治中心,府城地区官署林立,老百姓要办理纳粮、诉讼等公事必然产生入城寻求落脚点的需求,即办公之需;其次,作为全岛的经济中心,自明清以来,府城地区商业繁荣使得各地各族商人出入府城,从而产生了经商之需;再次,作为全岛的文化中心,府城地区儒化教育的推广促进了领导阶层——士绅阶层的产生,而且作为乡试考场所在地,必然吸引大量琼州学子入城备考,从而产生科考之需;四是作为交通枢纽,府城地区大量移民通过同乡组织与同业组织参与地方公共事务建设,刺激了联宗组织的形成,从而产生参政之需。正是这四大需求的产生才使得合族祠大量出现在府城地区。
Generally speaking,the ancestral temple,also known as the joint ancestral temple,mainly refers to the one built for some clear functional purpose by the cross-regional clan organization of the same family name in the county capital since Ming and Qing Dynasties.To explore the causes for the emergence of the ancestral hall,this paper,based on a survey of the social,historical and cultural background of Fucheng since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,opines that the emergence of the ancestral hall in Fucheng was closely linked with its status as the center of politics,economy,culture as well as the transportation hub of entire Hainan Island at that time.First of all,as the political center of the entire island,there were many official offices in Fucheng,and people’s need for handling grain taxation and litigation would definitely prompt people to the city to seek a foothold,namely,the official need;secondly,as the economic center on the island,since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the prosperity of business in Fucheng had enabled businessmen of various regions to enter and leave Fucheng,thus generating the need for business;thirdly,as the cultural center on the island,the popularization of Confucian education in Fucheng facilitated the emergence of the leading class gentry,and as the location of the provincial examination,it would inevitably attract a large number of Qiongzhou students to Fucheng to prepare for the examination,so as to produce the need for the imperial examination;fourthly,as a transportation hub,a large number of immigrants in Fucheng participated in the construction of local public affairs through their fellow village organizations and peer organizations,stimulating the formation of the joint Chinese lineages,thus generating the need to participate in politics.It is the emergence of these four major needs that makes a large number of ancestral halls appear in Fucheng.
作者
刘仕刚
LIU Shi-gang(Chinese Academy of Social Management/School of Social Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第4期76-84,共9页
Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金特别重大委托项目“新中国70年社会治理研究”之子课题北京师范大学中国社会治理智库“百村社会治理调查”(项目编号:18@ZH011)阶段性成果
海南省海口市琼山区旅游与文化体育局的委托、由中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所张继焦主持的项目《海口市琼山区“琼台复兴计划”之文化遗产专项研究》
中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所创新工程项目之一“人类学视野下的传统-现代转型”(项目编号:2019MZSCX002)的阶段性成果。
关键词
合族祠
海南
明清
成因探析
the cross-regional temples of simiiar family names
Hainan
Ming and Qing dynasties
cause analysis
