摘要
"界"的出现是山林确权历史中的重要一步。东南山林的私占从西汉开始以刻石的方式宣示和记录下来。唐代的墓志和寺院管山石刻即以"四至"标示山林界址。随着山林资源的开发,特别是较为固定化的垦殖、造林活动,人们对山林的认识越来越细化。山林土名、四至边界的记录,也因为山林的买卖、析分、纳粮升科等活动不断增加,以应对基本的确权需求。通过契税、理讼和地籍登记活动,国家、地方官员也参与了山林界址的制造。宋代的经界和登记加速了东南部分山林的定界和确权,甚至有些小片的山地、山林经过丈量,有较为精确的面积记录。部分地籍赋役登记与民间契约中的山林界址信息,是可以相互配合、参证的。但总体来说,与田土相比,山产的信息更加粗略和不准确。这构成了南宋以后东南山林确权与界址争讼处理的基本社会和制度背景。
The emergence of the boundary is an important step in the history of forest ownership confirmation.From the western Han dynasty,the private occupation of the southeast mountains and forests was declared and recorded by carving stone.The epitaphs of the Tang dynasty and the stone inscriptions of the monastery property marked the mountain land boundary site with"si zhi".With the exploitation and utilization of forest resources,especially the reclamation and afforestation in mountain areas,people’s knowledge of forest becomes more and more detailed.More and more forest land name and the boundary were created and recorded because of the forest trade and offi cial register for ownership affirmation.The land survey and cadastral registration in Song dynasty accelerated the demarcation and confirmation of the mountain forests rights in the southeast,and even some small mountain lands were measured and had a relatively accurate area record.Part of the cadastral documents and civil contracts in the forest boundary information can mutually testify.But in general,the information about mountain was sketchier and inaccurate than that of farmland.This constituted the basic social and institutional background of the dispute of right and boundary in the southeast mountain land after Southern Song dynasty.
作者
杜正贞
Du Zhengzhen(Department of History,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028)
出处
《浙江社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第6期117-127,159,160,共13页
Zhejiang Social Sciences
关键词
东南地区
山林
界址(至)
产权
经界
southeast China
mountain land
location and boundary
ownership
land survey and cadastral registration
