摘要
汉语中有些介词存在一种从句现象,即这些介词不同程度地表现出动词的句法行为,但只许用于从句,不能用于自立句(包括主句和单句)。基于“按照”“鉴于”等个案的调查发现:(1)从句现象在介词的现代共时分布和历时演变过程中都有体现,介词语法地位的鉴别需要区分主句和从句两个层次。(2)从句现象的存在说明,在动词向介词语法化的过程中,创新性句法行为往往先在自立句中发生,然后再一步步向主次从句和从属从句扩展。(3)介词的从句现象是由动词语法化的去范畴化效应和从句的结构固守效应双重作用导致的句法后果。(4)从句现象可以视为动词范畴在句法上的降级保存,这种降级保存与汉语缺乏动词形态有着密不可分的关系。与英语相比,汉语动词的句法特征更容易表现出从句现象和降级保存的特点。
This paper aims at exploring the dependent clause phenomena(DCP henceforth)that is found within some Chinese prepositions.DCP is defined with reference to two aspects.Synchronically speaking,DCP refers to the phenomena that in the independent clause,a morphosyntactic categoryαexhibit the characteristics of a different categoryβbut the same behavior cannot be detected in the main clause.Diachronically speaking,the degree of the language change from the source categoryβto the target categoryαis not homogeneous.Some members inαdemonstrate all the morphosyntactic behaviors ofβ,and therefore can be viewed as has been fully evolved into B.However,some others still retain the syntactic distributions of their source category when embedded in the dependent clause.DCP reflects the heterogeneous nature of a language.It is crucial in that it facilitates the understanding of the process of grammaticalization from verb to preposition and contributes to the diagnostics of the grammatical status of some prepositions.However,little attention is paid to this phenomenon.To fill in this gap and to further illustrate this concept,we present a case study.Using Chinese prepositions anzhao(according to)and jianyu(considering)as an example,we show how certain prepositions syntactically reflect the characteristics of verbs and how these verbal properties can only be permitted in dependent clause,as required by DCP.The examination of anzhao shows that DCP exists in Modern Chinese.More specifically,according to Modern Chinese Dictionary(7th edition),anzhao only has one part-of-speech,i.e.preposition;however,our investigation reveals that it can behave as a verb,as is evidenced by the fact that(1)it can function as a predicate independently;(2)it carries aspect markers;(3)it can be negated independently;and(4)it can be modified by adverbs.However,all of these obey DCP,i.e.,they can only be permitted in dependent clause,but not in main clause.The investigation of jianyu supports DCP from a diachronic perspective.The prevalent view takes
作者
史文磊
谷雨
Shi Wenlei;Gu Yu(Center for Studies of Chinese History,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China;Center for Studies of Language and Cognition,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期178-195,共18页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家社科基金青年项目(14CCY034)
国家社科基金重大项目(14ZDB093)
教育部重点研究基地重大项目(16JJD740015)。
关键词
汉语
介词
从句现象
语法化
结构固守效应
汉语形态
“鉴于”
“按照”
Chinese
preposition
dependent clause phenomena
grammaticalization
structure-preserving effect
Chinese morphology
anzhao(according to)
jianyu(considering)
