摘要
利用数字高程模型并结合中国流域划分方案,得到中国内流区一级流域分布范围,基于2000-2014年Landsat TM、ETM+遥感影像,通过人工目视解译提取中国内流区面积大于100 km^2的湖泊边界矢量数据,并据此对中国内流区主要湖泊的分布、面积变化及成因进行分析。结果表明:①在中国现有的7个一级内流区中,面积大于100 km^2的湖泊有88个,总面积32 018.46 km^2,除伊犁河流域外均有分布;②2000-2014年,中国内流区湖泊总面积以平均每年231.95 km^2的速度持续增大,总计增加3 247.33 km^2,其中柴达木盆地和青藏高原腹地湖泊面积持续增大,塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地湖泊面积在2003年之后持续萎缩,阴山北部和祁连山北部湖泊在2003年以后面积平稳增大;③在研究时段内,绝大部分湖泊面积增大明显,主要集中在可可西里地区和羌塘高原地区,面积减小区域零星散布于整个研究区;④降水量增加、蒸发量减少、冰川和冻土加速消融是导致研究区湖泊面积整体增加的主要原因,局地气候、各湖泊之间存在的水道联系与人类活动的干扰造成了部分湖泊面积减小和波动。
The distribution range of first-level watershed in endorheic basin of China was gotten by combing digital elevation model and drainage basin partition plan of China. Besides, based on Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI remote sensing images in the period of 2000-2014, the vectorized boundary of 88 lakes with areas greater than 100 km^2 were obtained by artificial visual interpretation technology and then the causes of lake variation were analyzed. The results show that: a) Among seven primary endorheic basins of China, there are 88 lakes that area greater than 100 km^2 and the total area is 32,018.46 km^2 except Ili River watershed. b) During the period of 2000-2014, the area of endorheic basin of China expends with the speed of 231.95 km^2 per year, which totally increases to 2,347.33 km^2. The lake area of Qaidam Basin and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau hinterland is continuously expending. Although the areas of Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin are shrinking after 2003, the lakes of the north of Yinshan and Qilian Mountains are increased smoothly. c) During researching, majority of lakes expend obviously, most of them concentrated on Hohxil and Qiangtang Plateau. The shrinking area scatters throughout the study area. d) The main reason why lakes expending are because of increasing precipitation, decreasing evaporation and melting of glaciers and frozen oil. Local climate, waterway of lakes and human activities also affect the reduction and fluctuation of some lakes.
作者
李龙
姚晓军
巨喜锋
卜亚平
李晓锋
LI Long;YAO Xiaojun;JU Xifeng;BU Yaping;LI Xiaofeng(Lanzhou Resources&Environment Voc-Tech College,Lanzhou 730721,China;College of Geography and Environment Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Resources&Environment Science,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China)
出处
《人民黄河》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第6期63-67,共5页
Yellow River
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41861013)
甘肃省高等学校创新能力提升项目(2019B-252)
西藏自治区自然科学基金资助项目(XZ2019ZRG-171(Z))。
关键词
湖泊
面积变化
气候变化
中国内流区
lake
area change
climate change
endorheic basin of China
