摘要
马铃薯收获前需要进行茎秧的清除作业,此时茎秧倒伏比较严重,采用人工或现有机械杀秧,作业劳动量大、强度高、效率低、收获效果不佳;除去的马铃薯秧多被遗弃、焚烧或就地还田,不仅造成大量生物资源的浪费,还会污染环境。针对这一问题,设计一种与自走式青贮收获机配套使用的马铃薯秧收获割台,它能一次性完成马铃薯茎秧的切割、捡拾输送和喂入工作,为后续对马铃薯茎秧的揉搓和抛送过程做好铺垫。对青贮割台进行三维建模、样机制作和田间试验,田间试验表明,该青贮割台作业平稳,收获效果较好,最低留茬高度为64.5 mm,平均留茬高度88.5 mm,茎秧损失率3.5%,伤薯率为0.75%,均满足设计要求。
The removal of stem and seedling of potato should be done before harvesting,and at this time lodging of stem and seedling was more serious. Manual or existing seedling killing machine would cause the disadvantages of large amount of work, high intensity, low efficiency, and bad harvest effect. In addition, most of stem and seedling of potato were abandoned, burned or returned to the field on the spot, which not only caused a large amount of waste of biological resources, but also polluted the environment. In view of this problem, a kind of silage header for potato seedling which was used with self-propelled silage harvester was designed, which could complete the job of cutting, collecting, transporting and feeding of potato seedling at one time, and lay a good foundation for the subsequent kneading and throwing process of potato stem and seedling. Three-dimensional modeling, prototype production and field test were carried out on the silage header for stem and seedling of potato. The field test showed that silage header for stem and seedling of potato was stable in operation and had a good harvest effect. The stubble lowest and average height of stem and seedlings were 64.5 mm and 88.5 mm, the loss rate of stem and seedling was 3.5%, and the injury rate of potato was 0.75 %, all of which met the design standards.
作者
闵令强
张军强
钟波
孙志民
张德学
Min Lingqiang;Zhang Junqiang;Zhong Bo;Sun Zhimin;Zhang Dexue(Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Jinan,250100,China;Shandong Sunco Agricultural Equipment Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jinan,250100,China)
出处
《中国农机化学报》
北大核心
2020年第3期1-5,18,共6页
Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization
基金
2017年中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(Z135050009017)
国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS—37)
山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2016B03)。
关键词
马铃薯秧
专用割台
拨禾轮
切割器
螺旋输送辊
青贮收获
stem and seedling of potato
special cutting header
the reel
the cutter
screw conveying roller
silage harvesting
