摘要
积极同意是判断性侵的一个标准,强调沉默和缺乏抵抗不能被视作对性行为的同意,只有口头上或者行为上表达的同意才构成有效的同意,而未经同意的性行为、性接触即构成强奸或者其他性侵犯。这个标准在美国的刑事法领域并没有获得广泛接受,却在教育法领域被大多数大学作为判断性侵的标准。支持者认为这种标准最大限度地维护了女性的性自主权,彻底抛弃了性侵判断标准中的暴力和反抗要件。反对者或者认为"同意"概念本身就是有问题的,或者认为积极同意标准固化了男性担负责任、女性无助被动的刻板印象。不同女权主义流派对积极同意表达了多元丰富的观点,深化了对这一问题的认识。
Affirmative consent is a standard to identify sexual assault. It emphasizes that silence and lack of resistance cannot be regarded as consent to sexual behavior. Only consent expressed orally or in behavior can constitute effective consent,while sexual behavior and contact without consent constitute rape or other sexual assault. This standard is not widely accepted in the field of criminal law in the United States,but in the field of education law,it is used by most universities as a standard to identify sexual assault. Supporters believe that this standard protects women’s sexual autonomy to the greatest extent and completely abandons the elements of violence and resistance in the sexual assault judgment standard. Opponents either think that the concept of"consent"itself is problematic,or that the affirmative consent standard solidifies the stereotype that men take responsibility and women are helpless and passive. Different feminists expressed diverse and rich views on"affirmative consent",which deepened our understanding of this issue.
作者
郭晓飞
GUO Xiao-fei(School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《妇女研究论丛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期75-87,共13页
Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies
关键词
积极同意
性自主权
内在暴力
消极抵抗
激进女权主义
affirmative consent
sexual autonomy
intrinsic force
passive resistance
radical feminism
