摘要
粮食生产环节作为质量安全的源头,是保障粮食质量安全的第一道防线。本文以水稻种植为例,基于长江中下游流域水稻种植主产区--湘赣苏三省农户的实地调研数据,从理论和实证双重维度进行研究,发现劳动力的缺失使农户疏于日常农田管理,通过增加农药施用量保证粮食产量和降低生产风险,这种做法对水稻质量安全造成严重威胁。同时,风险偏好程度越低的农户会倾向于施用更多的农药,并且在农业劳动力缺失情况下,低风险偏好属性对水稻质量安全的不利影响会进一步凸显。因此,应注重农业生产的适度规模经营,避免规模扩张而造成粗放生产,在生产过程中嵌入有效的社会化服务尤其是田间管理环节的社会化服务。建立健全粮食质量安全监管机制,抑制农户低风险偏好决策下的投机行为。同时,相关农业技术推广主体应进一步加强与种植大户、农药经销商间的合作,发挥新型农业经营主体的示范效应与覆盖效应,以增强农业技术推广在生产中的作用效果。
As the source of quality and safety,grain production is the first defensive line. Taking rice planting as an example,based on the field survey data of farmers in the three provinces of Hunan,Jiangxi and Jiangsu,which are the main rice planting areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,this paper studies from both theoretical and empirical dimensions. The study found that the lack of labor has led farmers to neglect their daily farmland management. And by increasing the amount of pesticides applied to ensure grain production and reduce production risks,this approach poses a serious threat to rice quality and safety. At the same time,farmers with lower risk preference tend to use more pesticides,and in the absence of agricultural labor,the adverse impact of low risk preference on rice quality and safety will be further highlighted. Therefore,we should pay attention to moderate scale management of agricultural production,avoid extensive production caused by scale expansion,and embed effective social services in the production process,especially in the field management. Establish and improve grain quality and safety supervision mechanisms to curb speculative behaviors of farmers with low-risk preferences. At the same time,relevant agricultural technology promotion entities should further strengthen the cooperation with large-scale farmers and pesticide dealers,and bring into play the demonstration effect and coverage effect of new agricultural operation subjects to enhance the role of agricultural technology promotion in production.
作者
周宏
李丹
Zhou Hong;Li Dan(College of economics and management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095)
出处
《经济纵横》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期108-118,共11页
Economic Review Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“农户种植行为与农产品质量安全:从粗放到标准--水稻为例”(编号:71573261)
江苏现代农业(水稻)产业技术体系(编号:JATS438[2019])
江苏省研究生科研创新计划(编号:KYCX18_0706)
清华大学农村研究博士论文奖学金项目(编号:201612)的成果。
关键词
粮食质量安全
水稻
劳动力缺失
风险偏好
监管机制
Quality and Safety of Grain Products
Rice
Labor Shortage
Risk Preference
Regulatory Mechanism
