摘要
1788年英国基于“发现原则”并以“无主地”名义占领澳洲,土著因此失去了土地所有权,逐渐沦为白人社会的“边民”。不过,这一被奉为殖民法则的“无主地”论调却因托雷斯海峡岛民埃迪·马宝等人于1982年发起的确权诉讼而备受质疑,又因1992年“马宝裁定”的落槌而被推翻。所谓的“无主地”是殖民者精心炮制的一则神话,是一块用来掩盖其殖民罪行的遮丑布。田野考察、人类学知识、史实文献以及与土地权有关的法律等材料均证明,澳洲土著是这块土地最初的主人,英国殖民入侵前澳洲并不是无主地,而是有主之地。
Britain occupied Australia based on the Doctrine of Discovery and in the name of the terra nullius in 1788.Aboriginals thus lost their tracts of land,becoming the“fringe dwellers”in the white society gradually.However this doctrine of the terra nullius being regarded as the colonial law,was considerably questioned by a lawsuit by Eddy Mabo and other islanders from the Torres Strait in 1982,and was overthrown by the issuing of the Mabo Decision in 1992.So called the doctrine of the terra nullius was a meticulous myth complied by the coloniers,a fig leaf to cover up the colonial crime.Field investigation,anthropological knowledge,historical documents and some laws related on the native title,etc.,all demonstrated that aboriginals in Australia are primitive owners of this land,Australia is not the terra nullius before the British colonial invasion.
作者
汪诗明
WANG Shi-ming(School of Advanced International and Area Studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)
出处
《安徽史学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期126-134,146,共10页
Historical Research In Anhui
