摘要
"花雅之争"是清代戏曲史上的重大事件,清前中期昆曲与梆子戏此消彼长的竞争是事件的核心环节和内容。从清初开始,涵括西秦腔、秦腔、吹腔的梆子戏南传东进,成为北京、扬州、苏州等中心城市剧坛的重要声腔。梆子戏的全国性传播促使底层民众、文人士大夫乃至宫廷贵族的审美趣味发生转变,形成"厌昆喜梆"的新潮流。更重要的是,梆子戏在传播的过程中,或转用乡语,或衍生新腔,形成梆子腔、吹腔、皮黄腔三大剧种体系,彻底颠覆了以昆腔、弋阳腔为主导的戏曲格局,奠定了我国两百多年稳定的戏曲版图。清前中期梆子戏的兴起,是板腔变化体戏曲对曲牌联套体戏曲、民间戏曲文化对精英戏曲文化、北剧对南戏的胜利。
As a significant event in the opera history in the Qing Dynasty,the″Huabu-Yabu Competition″,literally competition between the vulgar school and the elegant school,has been studied by the academic circles with the focus mainly laid on the historical records in Yanlan Xiaopu,Yangzhou Huafang Lu,Xiaohan Xinyongand other books published at the end of the reign of Emperor Qianlong,while the fierce competition between the Bangzi Xi and the Kun Tune in the early Qing Dynasty has not been included,which,to some extent,obscures the historical facts of competitions between the two operas during the prometaphase of the Qing Dynasty.In fact,this competition is not only the core and major content of the″Huabu-Yabu Competition″,but it also initiates the competitions between Kun Tune and other″vulgar″operas during the middle period of the Qing Dynasty.The rise of Bangzi Xi in Shaanxi,Shanxi and other regions in the early Qing Dynasty is the result of the combination of multiple factors of time,society and regional culture.In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,the Yiyang Tune challenged the dominant position of Kun Qu opera,bringing about an opportunity for the rise of Bangzi Xi in the early Qing Dynasty,while in the northwest region of Qin and Jin,the unbroken and prosperous folk drama environment of the Northern Song tradition was the regional ecological environment for the rise of BangziXiin the early Qing Dynasty.The inclusiveness and innovation of Bangzi Xi and its artistic characteristics of vulgar wit and humour and of the neutralization of vulgarity and elegance,is also an important reason for its ability to quickly meet the aesthetic needs of all kinds of people.In addition,the Shanxi and Shaanxi business groups and guilds distributed throughout the country play important roles in and work as a medium for the spread of Bangzi Xi.From the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,Bangzi Xi,which includes the Western Qin tune,the Qin tune and the blowing tune,was transmitted eastwards and became an important tune in B
作者
陈志勇
Chen Zhiyong(Institute of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage,Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期219-231,共13页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
教育部人文社科规划项目(18YJA760007)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(18WKZD20)
国家社科基金后期资助项目(18FYS004)。
关键词
梆子戏
昆腔
民间戏曲
花雅之争
清代剧坛
Bangzi Xi
Kunqu Opera
folk opera
Huabu-Yabu Competition
theatrical circles of Qing Dynasty
