摘要
县是古代中国专制主义地方行政体制的最基层。宋初地方行政体制面对唐中期以来"外重内轻"的局面,在五代规范州县关系、约束武人干政的基础上,实施"略不降屈"的策略,对地方县级行政组织及其职能,进行了大规模的整顿和改组。为了进行县级行政独立性的建构,设县尉以收藩镇权,分司制衡以代替节度使的权力;以文官知县事,行官职差遣分授制度;定县等编制、配员额、明职责,集中统一县政,最终恢复县对城乡基层社会的控制。作为地方基层行政机构的县,在五代宋初最终摆脱了唐中期以来军事节镇的控制,其独立性逐渐增强,牧民功能得以恢复,形成了"内重外轻"的格局,为赵宋王朝基层政权统治秩序的稳固提供了保障。
County was the most basic level of the autocratic local administrative system in ancient China. In the early Song, the local administrative system faced the situation of "Wai Zhong Nei Qing (外重内轻)" since the middle Tang dynasty. On the basis of regulating the relationship between counties and counties in Wudai and restricting military affairs, the local administrative system implemented a strategy of "Lue Bu Jiang Qu" (略不降屈) to local administrative organizations,and its functions had undergone a largescale reorganization. In order to build the administrative independence, the Xianwei (县尉) has taken over the Junzhen(军镇), and the divisional checks have replaced the Jiedushi (节度使). Those who pass the examinations serve as county officials and implement the dispatch system. Various measures have been taken to centralize county-level administration and restore county control of urban and rural grassroots society. As a local grassroots administrative agency, in the early Song, it finally got rid of the control of Junzhen (军镇) since the Mid-tang. Its independence has gradually increased, and the ruling function has been restored. Eventually,the situation of "Nei Zhong Wai Qing (内重外轻)" was finally formed. These measures have provided the ruling order in the grassroots society.
作者
吴业国
Wu Yeguo(Department of A dministration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640)
出处
《浙江社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期144-150,160,共8页
Zhejiang Social Sciences
基金
全国哲学社会科学基金项目“宋代县级行政与地方社会研究”(16FZS012)
国家留学管理委员会基金资助项目“近世中西市镇经济发展与城市化进程研究”(201806155106)的阶段性成果
关键词
五代宋初
略不降屈
县级行政独立性
内重外轻
Wudai and early Song
Lue Bu Jiang Qu
county-level administrative independence
Nei Zhong Wai Qing
