摘要
目的:通过对四川省内5个县23个镇247户的川芎栽培现状进行系统调查,深入了解川芎栽培中重大科学问题和关键技术难题,为川芎规范化栽培提供基础数据。方法:在现有研究基础上,对主产区芎农进行问卷调查和实地测量,综合分析川芎栽培现状。结果:小户种植为主的彭州和什邡使用坝苓种比例为65%,大户种植为主的眉山、邛崃以及正形成大户种植模式的都江堰使用山苓种比例为92%。川芎种植密度和产量在个体间差异大。川芎在眉山和邛崃的生长期比在彭州、什邡和都江堰缩短了30 d左右。川芎施用底肥和春肥的农户约占一半,NPK复合肥投入比例高(> 90%)。川芎的病虫害较少,新产区的病虫害发病率明显低于老产区,除草剂施用比例高达52%的是农资店自配的除草灵1号。栽培成本中人工费用占比最高(37%)。结论:四川省川芎栽培呈现山苓种和坝苓种并重的格局,建议明确山苓种和坝苓种的差异,培育优质苓种;劳动力缺乏导致川芎呈现晚栽早采趋势,应促进川芎机械化研发和生产;加大芎农培训力度,引导增施有机肥,推行规范化药剂施用。
Objective: To deeply understand important scientific problems and key technical problems in the cultivation of Chuanxiong,the Chuanxiong cultivation situation of 247 households in 23 towns of 5 counties in Sichuan province were investigated,providing basic data for the standardized cultivation of Chuanxiong.Method:On the basis of reported literatures,a questionnaire survey was conducted on the farmers of cultivating Chuanxiong in main producing areas,field measurements were also preformed,and the cultivation status of Chuanxiong was comprehensively analyzed.Result: The proportion of plain-breeding mainly existed in Pengzhou and Shifang,where per farmer had a small scale of planting areas,was 65%,while the proportion of mountain-breeding mainly existed in Meishan,Qionglai and Dujiangyan,where per proprietor had a large scale of planting areas,was 92%.The planting density and yield of Chuanxiong varied greatly among individuals.The growth period of Chuanxiong in Meishan and Qionglai is about 30 days shorter than that in Pengzhou,Shifang and Dujiangyan.About half of farmers applied base fertilizer and top dressing in spring.The proportion of NPK compound fertilizer input was high(> 90%).Chuangxiong has a few diseases and insect pests,the incidence of which in new production areas was obviously lower than that in old production areas.The application of herbicide was not standardized.52% farmers used Chu cao ling No.1 which was made by agricultural material store owners.The labor cost accounted for the highest proportion(37%) in Chuanxiong cultivation.Conclusion: Now in Sichuan clonal propagated patterns of Chuanxiong were both mountain-breeding and plain-breeding.It is suggested to make clear the differences between mountain-breeding nodes and plain-breeding nodes, and breed high qualities of Chuanxiong nodes.The mechanization research and production of Chuanxiong should be promoted, realizing timely planting and harvesting.Farmers should be guided to increase the application of organic fertilizer,and meanwhile stand
作者
彭芳
陈媛媛
陶珊
袁灿
吴宇
施田田
沙秀芬
廖雪梅
张超
PENG Fang;CHEN Yuan-yuan;TAO Shan;YUAN Can;WU Yu;SHI Tian-tian;SHA Xiu-fen;LIAO Xue-mei;ZHANG Chao(Industrial Crops Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610399,China;Rice Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;College of Life Sciences,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610101,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期181-189,共9页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
国家中药材产业技术体系(CARS-21)
四川省育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0036-4-1)
关键词
川芎
产业
栽培
调查
肥料
病害
虫害
草害
Ligusticum chuanxiong
industry
cultivate
investigate
fertilizer
diseases
insect pests
weeds
