摘要
为推动区域农作物秸秆全量化利用,以稻麦轮作区的江苏省为研究对象,对秸秆还田与离田综合利用进行了利弊分析,围绕秸秆捆型、收储运模式及作业成本角度分析了对秸秆收储运的影响,并针对目前秸秆收储运体系存在问题,从政府引导、设备自给率、资金扶持方向和研发投入等角度提出了对策建议。结果表明,通过文献资料查阅和实地调研发现,秸秆离田方式不仅有利于下茬作物耕种和减少生态环境影响,同时可为种田主体节约成本,增加收入,也为秸秆收储主体通过销售秸秆商品获得经济利润;通过分析打捆秸秆类型对收储运环节的影响,得出大圆捆秸秆是江苏省秸秆收储运作业的优选捆型。同时,针对目前主要的第三方秸秆收储运模式,通过深入分析该模式下不同收储运主体之间的运行机制、秸秆收储运各环节作业成本和利润空间,指出在政策引导及政府行政推动下,秸秆离田收储运是容易实现的,并且收储运成本相对比较稳定且透明,而制约秸秆离田综合利用的瓶颈在于末端秸秆利用形式及终端产品附加值高低。最后,通过剖析现有的秸秆收储运体系问题,并提出有针对性的对策建议,以期为提高江苏省秸秆综合利用效果质量和收储运体系建设提供理论和技术支撑。
The plain water network area is mainly distributed along the river, the coastal and the lakeside areas in the middle and lower reaches of the main rivers in the south of China. The population density in the area is large, the per capita cultivated land is small, the climate is humid, the rainfall is abundant, the terrain in the area is flat, the water network is densely distributed, and most of the area is located in the subtropical monsoon climate area, which belongs to a typical rice and wheat rotation area. Because of the special regional characteristics of plain water network area, it is particularly important to promote the comprehensive utilization of straw for the protection of water ecological environment in plain water network area. In order to promote the full quantitative utilization of regional crop straw, taking Jiangsu Province of plain water network as the research object, this paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of comprehensive utilization of straw returning and leaving the field, analyzed the influence on straw collection, storage and transportation from the point of view of straw binding type, collection, storage and transportation mode and operation cost. In view of the existing problems of straw collection, storage and transportation system, from the guidance of the government and the self-sufficient rate of equipment, the direction of capital support and R&D investment were put forward. The results showed that the way of straw leaving was not only beneficial to the cultivation of next crop and reduce the impact of ecological environment, but also could save the cost and increase the income for the farmers, and could make economic profits for the farmers through selling straw commodities. Through the comparison of the influences of straw binding types on straw collection, storage and transportation, it was concluded that large round bundled straw was the optimal binding type for straw collection, storage and transportation in plain water network area. At the same time, in view of
作者
钱玉婷
张应鹏
杜静
孔祥平
常志州
叶小梅
Qian Yuting;Zhang Yingpeng;Du Jing;Kong Xiangping;Chang Zhizhou;Ye Xiaomei(Recycling Agriculture Research Center,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Development and Utilization of Rural Renewable Energy,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,Nanjing 210014,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第22期154-160,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800802-02)
中国博士后科学基金(2018M642191)
江苏省博士后科研资助计划(2018K123C)
关键词
秸秆
综合利用
收储运
江苏省
对策
straw
comprehensive utilization
storage and transportation
Jiangsu Province
countermeasures
