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德性能否复制:道德增强技术的三种质疑 被引量:4

Whether Virtue Can Be Reproduced: Three Doubts on Morality Enhancing Technology
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摘要 人类生活史就是自我发展史。千百年来,人类传统的劳动、体育锻炼、休闲、改善饮食、医疗、教育、反思、宗教信仰和参与共同体活动等提升人的肌体、认知、情感和道德,甚至以炼丹试图永生,都被看作是一个自然历史过程,并未引起人类的"疑惑"。然而,现代合成生物技术和人工智能技术对于人类进化的"人为加快"和"速成"则引起学者和公众的巨大不安,其中对道德增强和道德复制的质疑最为强烈。科学基础上的还原论迷误、科学方法上的医学化悖论、科学后果上的不确定性,德性的独特性否定、道德医学化悖论、安全风险的逻辑困境,文化同一性、文化接受度以及技术恐惧等,构成了科学、道德自身和文化三个方面的质疑。面对质疑,人类应以全新的世界观和历史观反思和应对人类进化史的"突变"。 The history of human life is the history of self-development. For thousands of years,human traditional labor,physical exercise,leisure,diet improvement,medical treatment,education,reflection,religious beliefs and participation in community activities have improved human body,cognition,emotion and morality,and people even try alchemy to be immortal. All of these are considered as a natural history process and haven’t incurred man’ s " doubt". However,the " artificial acceleration" and " acceleration" by modern synthetic biotechnology and artificial intelligence technology for human evolution have caused great anxiety among scholars and the public,among which doubts on moral enhancement and moral reproduction are the strongest. The fallacy of reductionism on the basis of science,the paradox of medicalization on scientific methods,and the uncertainty of scientific consequences;the denial of the uniqueness of virtue,the paradox of moral medicalization,the logical dilemma of security risks;cultural identity,culture acceptance and technophobia constitute doubts on science,morality,and culture. Faced with doubts,human beings should reflect on and respond to the " mutations" of human evolutionary history with a new worldview and historical view.
作者 陈万球 Chen Wanqiu
出处 《中州学刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第12期105-111,共7页 Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
基金 国家社会科学基金一般项目“ME道德增强技术的伦理问题及其治理研究”(17BZX003)
关键词 德性复制 道德增强 还原论 道德医学化 文化同一性 virtue reproduction moral enhancement reductionism medicalization of morality cultural identity
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