摘要
为量化有机无机肥料配施条件下稻田氮素的归趋,明确施肥的经济效益和环境效应,采取田间动态监测与室内化学分析相结合的方式,研究了在等氮条件下(120 kg·hm-2)以鲜猪粪(PM)、沼液沼渣(BF)、猪粪堆肥(PC)、绿肥(GM)替代20%化肥及单施化肥处理(CF)稻田挥发性氮、径流氮、N2O等氮素损失的变化规律,以及各处理水稻产量及地上部吸氮量的差异,结合稻田氮素平衡以明确氮素来源和去向及其数量。结果表明:施肥是氮输入的主要来源,占比约为47%;植物吸收利用是氮输出的主要部分,占氮素输入量的47%~57%;各处理氨挥发排放通量、径流总氮(TN)损失量、N2O累积排放量分别占施氮量的4%~6%、16%~23%、16%~20%;与单施化肥相比,配施有机肥降低了稻田氨挥发累积排放量,减少了径流损失氮量,增加了地上部吸氮量,有利于水稻增产稳产;其中BF、PC处理氨挥发累积排放量均降低21%,PM、BF处理径流损失氮量显著减少33%、29%(p <0.05),PM处理水稻产量最高(为5468kg·hm-2),增产8%,地上部吸氮量最高(为137kg·hm-2),增幅为14%;PM处理氮素表观损失和氮盈余均最低,BF处理次之。综合水稻产量和环境效益来看,施氮量为120kg·hm-2时,以鲜猪粪和沼液沼渣等有机肥替代20%化肥是可行的。
In order to quantify the effects of chemical fertilizer coupled with different organic materials on the fate of nitrogen(N) in paddy fields, and further to clarify the grain benefits and environmental benefits of fertilization, a combination of field dynamic monitoring and indoor chemical analysis was conducted to study the changes of N loss(such as ammonia volatilization),N runoff and N2 O emissions, N source and destination in paddy soilswith the treatments offresh pig manure(PM), biogas slurry(BF), pig manure compost(PC), green manure(GM), organic fertilizer substitute for 20% chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CF) under equal amount of N application(120 kg·hm-2). The results showed that N application was the main source of N input,accounting for about 47%, plant absorption and utilization was the main part of N output, accounting for 47%-57%. Ammonia loss in each fertilizer treatment Flux, runoff loss of TN, and N2 O cumulative emissions accounted for 4% to 6%, 16% to 23%,and 16% to 20%, respectively. Compared with single application of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer treatment reduced the cumulative emission of ammonia volatilization,N loss from runoff, increased N uptake in aboveground, which was beneficial to increasing and stabilizing yield. The ammonia volatile emissions fromBF and PC treatmentsdecreased by 21%, the N runoff losses from treatments of PM and BF reduced by 33% and 29%(p <0.05). The yield of PM was the highest(5468 kg·hm-2) with theincrease by 8%. The N uptake was the highest(137 kg·hm-2) with the increase by 14%. The apparent N loss and surplus of PM were the lowest, followed by BF. In terms of comprehensive rice yield and environmental benefits, when the N application rate was 120 kg·hm-2, it was feasible to replace 20% fertilizer with organic manure, such as fresh pig manure and biogas slurry.
作者
朱文博
刘鸣达
肖珣
何娜
杨丹
谢桂先
ZHU Wen-bo;LIU Ming-da;XIAO Xun;HE Na;YANG Dan;XIE Gui-xian(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Resource and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)
出处
《沈阳农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期728-733,共6页
Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201200)
关键词
有机肥
稻田
氨挥发
氮径流损失
N2O排放
organic fertilizer
paddy fields
ammonia volatilization
nitrogen runoff loss
N2O emission
