摘要
目的了解健康试点企业员工职业健康保障和职业卫生与一般健康知识知晓情况及特点,为开展需求评估和制定健康促进措施提供基础性数据。方法2018年12月—2019年1月采用整群抽样方法对北京市顺义区4家试点企业924名员工进行自填式问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果员工劳动合同签订率、工伤保险参保率、在岗职业健康检查率分别为98.3%、88.3%和93.9%;上岗前职业健康检查率为15.6%;10.7%的员工知晓《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》;“职业病概念”知晓率为62.8%,不同年龄组、文化程度组间知晓率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。“成年人正常血压标准”知晓率为14.3%,“艾滋病传播途径”知晓率为17.0%。管理员工在“高血压不一定有症状”、“预防慢性病方式”及“艾滋病传播途径”方面知晓率均高于生产员工,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。员工获取职业健康知识途径主要有宣传栏(82.5%)、企业培训(73.6%)、海报折页(38.1%)和手机(30.4%)等。结论北京市顺义区健康企业试点员工总体职业健康保障较好。职业卫生及一般健康知识知晓整体水平不高,存在较多认知误区和薄弱环节。建议企业优化健康促进方式,结合员工需求,有针对性开展干预活动,切实提高员工职业健康知识知晓水平。
Objective To understand the awareness and characteristics of knowledge about occupational health protection,occupational hygiene and general health among the employees in healthy pilot enterprises,provide basic data for conducting needs assessment and formulating health promotion measures.Methods 924 employees from four pilot enterprises were selected by a cluster sampling method to conduct self-administered questionnaire survey from December 2018 to January 2019,and the data were analyzed.Results The labor contract signing rate,work injury insurance participation rate,and on-the-job occupational health check rate was 98.3%,88.3%,and 93.9%,respectively.The occupational health check rate before work was 15.6%.10.7%of employees were aware of the″Law of the people's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases″.The awareness rate of occupational disease concept was 62.8%,and the differences between the age groups and the education level groups were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The awareness rate of normal blood pressure for adults was 14.3%,and the awareness rate of AIDS transmission routes was 17.0%.The awareness rates of the high blood pressure doesn't have to be symptomatic,ways to prevent chronic diseases and AIDS transmission routes among management staff were higher than those of prod uction employees,and the d ifferences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).The main ways for employees to acquire occupational health knowledge included the bulletin board(82.5%),corporate training(73.6%),poster folding(38.1%),and mobile phones(30.4%).Conclusion Employees in healthy pilot enterprises in Shunyi District of Beijing have good occupational health protection.Their overall level of occupational health and general health knowledge is not high,and there are many cognitive misunderstandings and weak links.It is recommended that enterprises should optimize the health promotion methods,conduct targeted interventions combined with the needs of employees,so as to improve the awarenes
作者
胡在方
周国伟
胡洁
张丽
甄国新
HU Zai-fang;ZHOU Guo-wei;HU Jie;ZHANG Li;ZHEN Guo-xin(Institute of Occupational and Radiological Health,Shunyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,101300,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2019年第21期2891-2894,2898,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
北京市重点职业病监测与风险评估分支子项目（BJZW2016-08）
北京市顺义区科学技术委员会软科学研究项目（2018017)
关键词
健康企业
职业健康知识
健康认知
Healthy enterprise
Occupational health knowledge
Health cognition
