摘要
面对比例原则在全球范围内广泛传播的现实,有学者极力主张应该普遍接受比例原则,也有学者对普遍化主张提出了质疑。无论是赞成还是反对这一主张,都是对该问题的一个非常有意义的理论探讨;但是,在批判性的论辩过程中,出现了一种关于比例原则的错误甚至是有害的主张,即有中国论者认为"比例原则的普遍性寄生于正当限制基本权利的观念"。这一错误主张主要是受到了德国学者罗伯特·阿列克西的理论误导。本篇论文首先通过澄清比例原则论述中常见的三个混乱(即起源问题、结构问题以及美国是否存在比例原则的问题),为比例原则正本清源,将讨论的对象严格限定于宪法意义上的比例原则;其次集中检讨"比例原则的普遍性寄生于正当限制基本权利的观念"这一错误主张,指出比例原则主要是一种保护个人宪法权利的分析工具和裁判工具,立足于"限制公权力滥用"的观念。
In the face of the fact that the principle of proportionality is widely spread in the world, some scholars strongly advocate that the principle of proportionality should be generally accepted, and some scholars also question the idea of universality. Whether or not the principle should be universally accepted, the discussing of the point itself is very important. However, in the process of critical debate, there is a wrong or even harmful claim about the principle of proportionality, that is to say, some Chinese theorists think that"the universality of the principle of proportionality is parasitic on the idea of legitimate restriction of fundamental rights". The harmful claim is misguided by Robert Alexy’s theories. In this article, firstly, three basic questions about the principle of proportionality will be clarified, including the origin question, the structure question and the American type question. By overhauling thoroughly, the principle of proportionality is limited to its constitutional meaning. Secondly, the particular reasons of the wrong opinion will be pointed out and an accepted conception of the principle of proportionality will be affirmed. Most of scholars believe that the principle of proportionality is an analytic and juridical tool to be used to protect individual constitutional rights and the base of the principle is an idea of"limiting the abuse of public power".
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期127-143,共17页
Law and Social Development
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义法学方法论研究”(11&ZD077)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“权利视野下法治政府建设的理论与实践研究”(16JJD820005)的阶段性成果
关键词
比例原则
强意义的普遍性
弱意义的普遍性
限制公权力滥用
the Principle of Proportionality
Strong Universality
Soft Universality
Limiting the Abuse of Public Power
