摘要
文章以禽业为例,将“龙头企业+农户”模式下的契约内容区分为显性契约和隐性契约,探索市场风险冲击下的契约稳定问题。“显性契约”指的是契约中明确订立的具有法律强制力的内容,若企业违反“显性契约”内容,则视为企业“显性违约”。“隐性契约”指的是合同中未列明的条款,外部机构难以通过条款内容判定违约责任;企业“隐性违约”指的是企业通过变更与农户间“心照不宣”的内容,却因条款不清晰不需要承担违约责任的行为。研究结果显示:隐性契约的稳定性会受到市场价格风险和农户对合同的受限程度的影响。市场价格风险越高,企业越倾向于隐性违约,同时,合同受限程度越高的农户,越易遭到龙头企业的隐性违约;这种隐性违约会降低农户福利。文章认为,站在龙头企业的角度,隐性违约的存在是有利的,在较大的市场风险冲击下,企业既避免了承担全部的风险,又不用公然违背显性契约而造成违约赔偿,维护了与农户之间的书面合作关系。但对农户来说,隐性契约的不稳定使利润空间下降,收益风险上升。因此,重点关注市场风险冲击下的“隐性契约”的稳定性对切实保障农户的福利尤为重要。
This paper takes poultry industry as an example,and divides the contract content under the mode of“leading enterprises+farmers”into explicit contract and implicit contract.“Explicit contract”refers to the content of the contract with legal force.If enterprises violate the content of“explicit contract”,it is regarded as“explicit default”.“Implicit contract”refers to the clause not specified in the contract,and it is difficult for external institutions to determine the liability for breach of contract through the content of the clause.“Implicit default”refers to the behavior that enterprises do not need to bear the responsibility for breach of contract because of the unclear terms through changing the tacit content between enterprises and peasant households.The results show that the stability of implicit contracts will be affected by market price risks and the degree of contract constraints of farmers.The higher the market price risk is,the more recessive breach of contract enterprises tend to be.At the same time,the higher the degree of contract restrictionis,the more vulnerable farmers are to recessive breach of contract by leading enterprises.This recessive breach of contract will reduce the welfare of farmers.This paper holds that,from the perspective of leading enterprises,the existence of implicit default of contract is beneficial.Under the impact of greater market risks,enterprises not only avoid assuming all risks,but also do not need to blatantly breach the explicit contract to cause breach of contract compensation,thus maintaining the written cooperative relationship with farmers.But for farmers,the instability of implicit contract makes the profit margin decrease and the income risk rise.Therefore,it is particularly important to pay attention to the stability of“implicit contract”under the impact of market risks,in order to effectively protect the welfare of farmers.
作者
周力
龙子妍
Zhou Li;Long Ziyan(School of Economics and Management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第10期112-124,共13页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“市场风险冲击下禽业纵向协作的隐性契约稳定性研究”(71573130)
国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于纵向协作关系的农户清洁生产行为研究”(71203094)
江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
南京农业大学“中国粮食安全研究中心”项目
关键词
市场风险
显性契约
隐性契约
隐性违约
契约稳定性
market risks
explicit contract
implicit contract
implicit default
contract stability
