摘要
海洋微塑料污染已经成为全球性环境问题。由于其粒径小,比表面积大,易被海洋生物附着形成生物膜。本研究应用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析了微塑料附生生物膜中的真核生物多样性及其与海域位置,暴露时间和塑料类型的相关性关系。通过对样品基因组的18S rRNA的V4区测序,共获得1 299条OTUs,涵盖了66门、126纲、196目、222科和294属的真核生物。生物多样性分析结果表明,微塑料附生生物膜中包含海洋浮游植物、真菌、原生动物、后生动物及脊椎动物等多种真核生物。海域位置、暴露时间是影响真核生物群落结构的主要因素,且随着暴露时间延长,附生的进化水平较高的真核生物所占比例升高。不同塑料类型对于真核生物的附着现象未表现出选择性。研究结果表明,微塑料可以成为海洋中真核生物的新型栖息地,微塑料附生真核生物多样性的研究有助于加深微塑料对于海洋环境可能造成的生态影响的认识。
Marine microplastics,a growing global pollution problem,are easily attached by marine organisms given their small size and large surface area.The Miseq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze and compare the eukaryotic biodiversity and community composition of samples from different locations,exposure times and plastic types.Overall 1299 OTUs were obtained based on high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 18 S rRNA gene.Eukaryotic species detected in these samples covered 66 phyla,126 classes,196 orders,222 families and 294 genera.The dominant species of eukaryotic communities are phytoplankton,fungi,protozoa,metazoans and vertebrates in the plastisphere.The composition of plastisphere eukaryotic communities varied remarkably across geographical locations and exposure times.Meanwhile,the proportion of eukaryotic organisms with higher evolutionary level increases with the prolongation of exposure time.Different microplastic types showed no selectivity for the attachment of eukaryotes.Mircoplastics have become new habitats for eukaryotic organisms in marine environments.This findings illustrate the biodiversity of eukaryotes assemblages that occur on microplastic and increase our understanding of plastisphere ecology.
作者
徐希媛
王帅
郑立
李景喜
高丰蕾
孙承君
鞠鹏
XU Xi-yuan;WANG Shuai;ZHENG Li;LI Jing-xi;GAO Feng-lei;SUN Cheng-jun;JU Peng(Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substance,First Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;Laboratory Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory,Pilo National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products Biological,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266071,China)
出处
《海洋科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期652-663,共12页
Advances in Marine Science
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目——微塑料对海洋硅藻光合作用的影响及分子机制初探(2017Q09)
国家自然科学基金项目——海洋玫瑰杆菌群体感应及其退出机制对藻菌关系的调节(41776176)和DMSP诱导微藻共栖细菌群体感应启动抑藻活性的研究(41806201)
国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省人民政府海洋科学研究中心联合基金项目——海洋生态与环境科学(U1606404)
青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室开放基金——基于数字激光全息显微成像技术的海洋赤潮藻原位实时智能检测系统及数据库构建(LMEES201802)
